Drug Abuse

   
Preface
Acknowledgements   
Common Abbreviations

Executive Summary   

Tile State of the AIDS Epidemic in Asia

National Responses to HIV and AIDS  

Community Involvement  

The Future of the Epidemic in Asia 

The Many Impacts of HIV 

Addressing Contextual Factors

How Much Money is Needed to Curb HIV in Asia?

Policy Recommendations  

Strategies and Programme Implementation 

1. The Challenges Ahead  

An HIV Response and Unfolding Realities 

The Commission on AIDS in Asia: A Fresh Perspective

What Makes Asian Epidemics Unique? 

How can Asian Countries Prevent the Spread of Their HIV Epidemics?  

What Should Asian Countries do to Care for People Living with HIV and Their Families and Mitigate the Impact of the Epidemic?  

Making a Difference: A Call for Strong and Mature Leadership

2. The Future of HIV in Asia  

Chapter Summary   

Asian Epidemics Present Major Challenges and Opportunities 

Drug Injecting Spreads HIV Rapidly

...and Jump Starts the Epidemic in the Sex Trade  

Sex between Men: A Fast Growing Epidemic 

The Best Way to Protect Women in Asia is to Prevent Their Husbands from Becoming Infected 

Classifying Asia's Epidemics to Tailor Effective Responses 

Might Changes in Sexual Behaviour Alter the Course of the Epidemics? 

More Men Buying Sex?

Will Casual and Premarital Sex Lead to a Rise in HIV Epidemics?

Solid Data and Analysis is Needed to Understand and Respond to the Epidemic

Improving the Analysis of HIV Data Requires Resources and Time

Technical Note: Four Scenarios for Prioritizing Interventions 

3. Reducing the Cost of HIV in Asia

Chapter Summary    71

AIDS will Remain a Major Cause of Death for Working Age Adults

Focused Interventions can be Particularly Effective in Asia   

Impact of AIDS in Asia is Largely Felt at the Household Level  

The Human Face of AIDS—Losses, Foregone Opportunities, and Societal Rejection

AIDS Pushes Many into Poverty  

The Epidemic has a Wider Impact  

Curbing HIV in Asia is both Affordable and Achievable  

Prioritization is Essential to Design a Cost-Effective Programme  

Classifying Interventions by Cost and Impact  

With the Right Choices, HIV Epidemics in Asia can be Effectively Contained 

Technical Note 

4. Towards a More Effective HIV Response   

Chapter Summary 

The Complexity of the Underlying Links between Societal Factors, Environment, and HIV   

'An Enabling Environment' can Quickly Reduce many Barriers to Prevention and Care   

Information and Knowledge Enables People to make Better Informed Choices about their Sexual Behaviour 

Poverty and Inequality Limit Access to Essential HIV Services 

Gender Inequality Enhances the Risk of HIV for Women  

In Some Places, Migration Contributes to the Demand for Sex Work   

Stigma and Discrimination Fuels HIV Epidemics

Create an Environment to Facilitate Services for Most-at-

Risk Groups   

Striking the Right Balance—Address Immediate Priorities and Catalyse Long-term Actions  

5. National HIV Responses in Asia 

Chapter Summary  

Current Responses Fall Short in Making a Major Impact  

Political Engagement Needs to be Strong  

HIV Programmes and Strategic Plans Still Lack Key Planning Components 

Urgent Need: More Resources and Making the Money Work   

Civil Society and Community Involvement is Critical   

Policy and Legal Environments for HIV-Positive Persons and Groups Most at Risk Need to be More Supportive   

Institutional Structures and Governance are Strong Determinants of an Effective Response   

For Technical Support, the United Nations System Should Deliver as One   

Technical Note: Stages of National Response  

6. The Need for Meaningful Community Engagement

Chapter Summary   

Responses Often Begin at the Community Level  

Communities and Community Organizations: How They Differ 154

Engaging Communities is Essential to Strong Responses

'Accountability is Essential for Both Government and Communities

Stronger Partnerships between Government and Communities can Build Commitment and Mutual Trust  

Stigma and Discrimination Block Community Participation in Policymaking   

Build a Tradition of Community Involvement in Countries with Limited Civil Society Presence   

Public-Private Partnerships Ensure Fast Disbursement of Funds for Community Programmes 

Government has the Principal Responsibility to Make Community Involvement 'Meaningful'  

Community Organizations Need Support to Build Their Capacity for Engagement  

7. Findings and Recommendations  

Key Findings  

Policy Recommendations

Strategies and Programme Implementation   

8. The Way Forward

Bibliography

Annex 1: List of Countries Covered by this Report

Annex 2: Terms of Reference of the Commission on AIDS in Asia  

Annex 3: List of Commission Members

Annex 4: Contributors to the Report

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