PLATES

EXPLANATION OF PLATES

Plate 1. Peyote leaders. Upper left, Charley Apekaum (Kiowa) and Jonathan Koshiway (Oto); upper right, Alfred Wilson (Cheyenne) twice president of the Native American Church; lower left and right, Packingr Stone (Kiowa) a "Ten-Medicine" keeper and peyote leader in typical leaders' costume of blanket and buckskin clothes; the headdress is old Kiowa.

Plate 2. Altar and ashrbirds. upper left, Quapaw permanent cement altar of the John Wilson Big Moon rite. The ash mounds are the "graves" of John Wilson and Jesus Christ; the W's or M's on each side of the heart signify "Moon-Head" or "Wilson." The nearest heart of the mound is the Heart of the World, that under the fire the Sacred Heart of Christ, that on the moon the Heart of Goodness on which the father peyote rests. Seven lines around the apron represent week days, the twelve lines the months of the year. The ashes mean the parting of the Red Sea, or mean to some the sheep and the goats. This altar was made by the authorized builder, Victor Griffin, and his assistant, Charley Tyner. Upper right, Symbolic peyote painting by Mopope (Kiowa) showing sacred staff, sevenrmarbled drum, drumstick, gourd rattle, doctoring feathers, and altar or moon with ash crescent. The water bird intermediary is carrying a prayer from the father peyote on the altar across the ritual fire to the great spirit indicated by the seven rays of feathers of the rising sun. The lightning lines from the god-head result from the artist's visits to the Southwestern pueblos. Center, A fine example of the scissorsrtail ash bird made at an Oto meeting near Red Rock, Oklahoma. Lower, An unusually fine example of the water bird ash bird made at a Shawnee meeting near McCloud. The burnt sticks finish out the scissorsrtail of the bird. The smokestick in the foreground is carved with native anil Christian symbols (now in Peabody Mu, seum, Harvard University). (It is believed that the Yuchi altar of Petrullo, Plate 2, ia erroneously figured and is of the order of those shown here.)