Drug Abuse

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Compiled by D. A. Aitken and D. A. Blackburn. An extensive bibliography on cannabis by the same authors is available from The Soma Research Association Ltd., 438, Fulham Road, London, S.W.6.

1. "Drugs" in General

DE ROPP, Robert S. "Drugs and the Mind", Gollancz, London, 1958.

LAURIE Peter. "Drugs", Penguin Special (4/6), London, 1967.

LEECH, Kenneth & JORDAN, Brenda, "Drugs for Young People", Pergamon/ Religious Education Press, London, 1967. %

NEWMARK, P. "Out of Your Mind?", Penguin Education (Connexions Series), London, 1968.

SILBERMAN, M. "Aspects of Drug Addiction", Royal London• Prisoners' Aid Society, London, 1967.

TAYLOR, Norman. "Narcotics — Nature's Dangerous Gift to , Man", Dell-Laurel, New York, 1963 (import).

WOOD, A. J. "Drug Dependence", Bristol City Health Department, Tower Hill, Bristol 2 (2 / —), 1968.

All the above are good general reviews of the subject. Laurie should be singled out for an exceptional set of references to the scientific literature. A new edition is understood to be in preperation. Newmark's book is aimed mainly at schools, but could be read by any layman.

2. Specific Drugs of Abuse

Heroin

CHEIN, I. "Narcotics, Delinquency and Social Policy", Tavistock, London, 1964.

SCHUR, E. "Narcotic Addiction in Britain and America", Tavistock, London, 1963.

Both deal mainly with the U.S. experience, but work dealing Britain does not exist in book form as yet. There area number of scientific papers, e.g. —

BEWLEY, T. Brit. Med. 1. 1965, II, 1284, "Heroin Addiction int the U.K.".

Amphetamines

CONNELL, P. Ämphetamine Psychosis"Chapman & Hall London 1958

The classic work on the subject

Barbiturates

Nothing in book form. See -

LOCKET, S. Brit. J. of Addiction 1957, 53, 105. GLATT, M. M. U.N. Bulletin on Narcotics 1962, 2.

MAURER & VOGEL. "Narcotics and Narcotic Addiction", New York, 1967.

With the exception of alcohol, the barbiturates are the most common drugs of addiction found in this country. There is an almost complete lack of documentation on the problem.

Hallucinogens

BLum, R. et a/. "Utopiates", Tavistock, London, 1965. COHEN, S. "Drugs of Hallucination", Seeker & Warburg, London, 1965.

HOPPER, A. & OSMOND, H. "The Hallucinogens", Academic -T't Press, London, 1967.

STAFFORD, P. G. & GOLIONT'Llt, B. H. "L.S.D. - The Problem-Solving Psychedelic", Tandem, London (5/-), 1967.

The above are all mainly devoted to LSD. Hoffer & Osmond is excellent but extremely expensive. Stafford & Golightly is cheap and reliable.

Cannabis

ANDREWS, G. & VINKENOOG, S. "The Book of Grass", Peter Owen, London, 1967.

A wide-ranging and idiosyncratic anthology, containing some useful material.

ROSEVEAR, J. "Pot", New York, 1967.

An excellent review, available with difficulty in this country.

SOLOMON, D. "The Marihuana Papers", Dobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis, 1966, and Signet, New York, 1968 (paperback).

This, the best collection on the subject, is unforyunately not available in this country, although a British edition is expected from Panther in 190.

3. Selected Scientific Papers on Cannabis

ALLENTUCK., S. & BOWMAN, K. M. Amer. J. Psychiat. 1942, 99, 112 248 "Psychiatric Aspects of Marihuana ted in ,$ol..omoz.4 q.v.

The physical and psychological effects of cannabis are described and the ideas of "cannabis psychosis" and "escalation" to opiates discussed and rejected.

BECKER, H. S. "Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance", Free Press, New York, 1963, and paperback 1966. Part also in : -

BECKER, H. S. Amer. J. Sociol. 1953, 59, 235, "Becoming a MaTi11112nn User".

Discusses cannabis use from a sociologist's point of view.

CARLINI, E. A. & KRAmER, C. Psychopharmacologia 1965, 7, 175, "Effects of C. sativa (Marihuana) on Maze Performance - of the Rat".

Cannabis was found to improve the maze-learning ability of the rat.

EDWARDS, G. The Practitioner 1968 (Feb.), "The Problem of Cannabis Dependence".

The "cannabis psychosis" theory is discussed.

FRYER, P. Encounter 1967, 29, 4 (October), "A Map of the Underground".

Discusses the London "scene" of 1967, with special reference to cannabis use.

GAUTIER, T. "Le Club des Haschischins", Paris, 1843. Translation in SOLOMON, q.v.-.

One of a number of nineteenth century literary accounts of the cannabis experience.

KABELIK, J., a al. U.N. Bulletin on Narcotics 1960, 12, 3, 5, "Cannabis as a Medicament". -
Discusses the recently-discovered antibiotic effects of cannabis preparations.

LAGUARDIA REPORT, i.e. WALLACE, G., ed. "The Marihuana Problem in the City of New York; Sociological, Medical, Psychological and Pharmacological Studies", Cattell Press, Lancaster, Pa., 1944. Part also in SOLOMON, q.v.

This famous report caused great controversy by suggesting that cannabis was not as dangerous as had been presumed.

MECHOULAM, R. & Gaoni, Y. Fortschr. d. Chem. Org. Naturst. 14, 1967, 175, "Recent advances in the chemistry of hashish".
A long review article on the extensive work of Mechoulam's learn on the chemistry of cannabis, including the synthesis of the cannabinols.

MORAES ANDRADE, O. U.N. Bulletin on Narcotics 1964, 16, 4, 23 The criminogenic action of cannabis and narcotics

MUNCH, I. C. U.N. Bulletin on Narcotics 1966, 18, 2, It "Marihuana & Crime".
These papers should be taken together. Munch supports, and Andrade denies the theory that marihuana causes crime. Most authorities agree with Andrade. -

MURPHY, H. B. M. U.N. Bulletin on Narcotics 1963, 15, 1, 15, "The Cannabis Habit".
A thorough review of the scientific literature. Concludes that cannabis is not addictive, does not cause crime,/ and has no physical ill-effects.

NICKOLLS, L. C. Analyst 1936, 61, 604, "Notes on Beam's Test for Hashish".
Describes what became the standard forensic test for cannabis.

REYNOLDS, J. R. Lancet 1890, i, 637, "Therepeutical Uses and Toxic Effects of Cannabis indica".
A review of therapeutic uses in the nineteenth century, by a Physician in Ordinary to Queen Victoria.

ROLLS, E. J. & STAFFORD-CLARK, D. Guy's Hosp. Repts. 1954, 103, 330, "Depersonalisation treated by Cannabis indica and " Psychotherapy".
Describes a dramatic cure obtained by the use of Tincture of Cannabis.

SOUTHERN, T. Evergreen Review, "Red-dirt Marihuana". Also in SOLOMON, q.v.
A short story by a modem author on a marihuana theme.

WEIL, A. T., ZINBERG, N. E & NELSEN, J. M. Science 1968, 162, 1234
also reported in ZINBERG, N. E. & WEIL, A. T. New Society 1969, 13, 329, 84 (Jan. 16), "Cannabis: the first controlled experiment".
A very thorough and well thought out study of the "subjective" effects of cannabis.

WOLSTENHOME, G. E. W. & KNIGHT, J. Ciba Study Group No. 21, "Hashish: Its Chemistry and Pharmacology", J. & A. Churchill, London, 1964.
Contains much recent pharmacological work.

4. Official Attitudes to Cannabis

The earliest contact between the British Government and cannabis came, of course, in India. The result was : —

REPORT OF THE INDIAN HEMP DRUGS COMMISSION, 7 vols., Shula, 1897.

This vast work probably remains even today the most thorough study ever made of the effects of cannabis. The Commission found that moderate cannabis use has no ill effects.
In spite of this, cannabis use was, under League of Nations pressure, made illegal in Great Britain in 1925 (although it remained legal throughout India until 1948, and is still legal In some states today).

British law on cannabis, as on other "Dangerous Drugs", is 4, based largely on international models, notably the —

SINGLE CONVENTION ON NARCOTIC DRUGS U.N., New York, 1961.

The current British legislation is the —

4: DANGEROUS DRUGS Acr 1965 (cap. 15) supplemented by the -

DANGEROUS DRUGS (No. 2) REGULATIONS 1964 (S.I. 19641 1811)

and the

DANGEROUS DRUGS Acr 1967 (cap. 82).

The Government set up a Sub-committee of the Standing Advisory Committee on Drug Dependence under the chairmanship of Lady WOOTTON OF ABINGER in April 1967, to investigate cannabis and LSD use and to make recommendations.'
The sub-committee seem to have been influenced by two publications which appeared during 1967:

SOMA. The Law against Marijuana . . . (Advertisement), The Times, July 24 1967.

NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR CIVIL LIBERTIES. "Drugs and Civil Liberties" 1967.

Both expressed considerable disquiet with the working of the current law.

THE WOOTTON REPORT, i.e. Cannabis, Report by the Advisory Committee on Drug Dependence, H.M.S.O., London, 1968 (7/6).

This report recommended that the penalties for the use of cannabis should be substantially reduced. The Home Secretary, Mr. James Callaghan, rejected these recommendations, giving his reasons in a Commons debate. See: —

HANSARD, Commons, January 27th 1969, col. 947.

At the same time the World Health Organisation published its views:

SEVENTEENTH REPORT OF THE EXPERT COMMITTEE ON DRUGS LIABLE TO PRODUCE DEPENDENCE, Tech. Repts. Ser., 1969, WHO, Geneva.

This report reasserted the view that cannabis oughttn be controlled, while admitting that the optimum control measures'''. 4 might not be the same as those for opiates, as they are in the Single Convention and in British law. - The Wootton Committee continues to sit at the time of writing (February 1969) for the purpose of producing a report on LSD, while a new committee, under the chairmanship of Mr. W. F. DEEDES, is studying powers of search and arrest under the Dangerous Drugs Act 1967.

< Prev		Next >