8. SOCIAL CORRELATES AND CONSEQUENCES

8.1. Social Exclusion

The results of "National Evaluation Study on Drug Use", which was carried out in six major ci-ties (Adana, Ankara, Diyarbakir, Izmir, Istanbul and Samsun) under the coordination of UNODC Representative of Turkey in 2003, are analyzed in this section and the following results have been reached.

Although it does not vary with the type of drug used, the studies carried out show that drug users received approximately six years of training. On one hand, this fact highlights the importance of these ages corresponding to primary education period; on the other hand it is necessary to de-termine the content of the trainings on fight against drug use very sensitively. Considering that the trainings on fight against drug use to be provided at these ages may cause irrecoverable results, in-direct trainings should be preferred. The Ministry of National Education continues providing trainings under the title of fight against harmful habits.

In the examinations according to the residence types, it is discovered that 2/3 of the users has lived in a detached house or a flat for the last twelve months. While 1/3 of the users live with their parents, 1/4 of them live with their spouses or friends. A very small proportion lives alone. It is found out that 20% of the drug users do not have a fixed residence and they generally live in the stre-ets. Street children using volatile substances are also included in this 20%).

While 1/4 of the drug users live on as unqualified workers, 41% of them were unemployed in the last 12 months. However, whether they use drugs due to their unemployment or that they could not maintain their business lives after they started using drugs was not discovered.

When means of subsistence of the drug users are analyzed taking the last three months as the basis, it has been seen that 1/3 of them are paid and salaried employees. 40% of them live on temporary/daily jobs. Almost half of the users are dependant on their lovers or families in terms of livelihood.

8.2. Drug-Related Crimes
Although there are not detailed studies on crimes committed so as to find the necessary amo-unt of money to purchase drugs or on crimes committed under the influence of drugs, studies in this field show that drug users generally commit a crime so as to find the necessary amount of money to purchase drugs. Accordingly, crimes against property such as pick pocketing, robbery, pillaging and begging can be mentioned among the preferred crimes types.

On the other hand, as a result of a study conducted on those who are taken under custody by Narcotics Units of Anti-Smuggling and Organized Crime Division and who are drug users, when we compare whether the criminal records of the drug users are drug-related or related to issues other than drugs, it is seen that 11,8°/o of those with a criminal record have only a drug-related criminal record, 26,5% of those has criminal records related to crimes other than drugs and 22,4c)/0 has cri-minal records related to both crimes.

8.3. Drug Use in Prison

Primary heath services are delivered by general practitioners and dentists in every penitenti-ary institution. Curable patients are treated in their rooms under the circumstances of the institution or in the infirmary of the institution. Patients are referred to relevant units of state hospitals or uni-versity hospitals according to the condition of the disease and the patient if further examination or treatment is needed.

"Psychological Intervention Programme against Drug Addiction" has been prepared so as to fight against drug addiction under the leadership of Directorate General for Prisons and Detention Houses and will soon be implemented.

The aim of the programme is to provide psychological support to the offenders or prisoners who receive drug treatments in penitentiary institutions or hospitals.

As a result of the survey carried out by the Ministry of Justice, General Directorate of Pensi-ons and Detention Houses on 54.576 convicts in 2005 for October, November and December,

Rates of drug use of the convicts in several months prior to going into prison are found to be as follows: Hashish 0.34°/0, Cocaine 0.04%, Heroin 0.10%, Ecstasy 0.12`)/0, LSD 0.02°/0 and any il-licit drug is 0.13`)/0.

In the light of the data covering the last three months of the year 2005, rates of drug use of the convicts in prisons are found to be as follows: Hashish 0.16%, Cocaine 0.02%, Heroin 0.07%, Ecstasy 0.07%, LSD 0.01% and any other drug 0.12%