APPENDIX A

Initial Interview Schedule

Background Information

How old are you?
Where are you currently living?
With whom do you live?
What do they do?
How long have you lived there?
Do you like it there?
Where did you do most of your growing up?
What ages were you?
Who was included in your living situation when you were growing up?
Was your family closely knit?
Were you in the military? What was your discharge status?
How did you feel about it?
What is your present marital status?
Have you ever been married or engaged before?
If married, what does your spouse do?
How do you feel about Sundays?
What do you do?
Did you always like Sundays?
Do you keep the house neat?
How interested are you in your clothes, hair, general physical appearance?
Do you like to tell stories or do you prefer to listen?
Are you ambitious?
Were you always?

Parents/Family

What do your parents do? How long have they done those things?
Have there been any major changes over time in what they do?
How do your parents get along with each other?
Do you get along better with one than with the other?
Which?
In what ways?
How many brothers and sisters do you have?
Where do you fit in?
Are you closer with some than with others?
In what ways?
How was discipline handled in your house?
Was there violence in your family?
How would you assess your parents' relationship to you?
What is your parents' marital status?
Do your brothers and sisters get along with your parents the way you do?
Better?
Worse?
Has your drug use had any influence on your brothers and sisters?
Has anyone in your family, either immediate or extended, been an alcoholic or drug-dependent person?
Who?
On what?
Currently, or for how long?

Work

Do you work?
At what?
Salary? (approximate)
Do you like it?
Do you do well at it?
What sorts of things give you trouble?
What sorts of things are easy for you?
How do you get along with the people at work?
How do you get along with your boss or supervisor?

Schooling

What is the highest number of school years you have completed?
What degrees, diplomas, or certificates do you have?
How did you do in school?
What did you particularly like about it?
What sorts of things gave you trouble?
[If In School Now:]
What extracurricular activities do you engage in?
How do you get along with the people at school?
How do you get along with your teachers, coach, etc.?

Legal

Have you ever been in trouble with the law, school, or work (drug-related or not)?
Over what?
What happened? (time)
If not, have you ever had any serious brushes?

Activities

What are your politics?
Did you vote in the last election?
Do you belong to any clubs, unions, or organizations?
In a week, about how much television do you watch?
How do you spend your leisure time?
(Examples: movies, sporting events, concerts, museums)
Do you spend time by yourself?
What do you do?
What are your goals for the future?
Are they the same as your parents' goals for you?

Friends

How many different circles of friends do you have?
Would you please characterize each group (kind of group-work, school, neighborhood, etc.; number in each group; sex; age; religion; length of time you've known them)?
Is there some place where you're inclined to hang out?
Where?
Why?
Were there any major changes in your groups of friends as you were growing up?
How old were you when the changes, happened?
What were the changes?
Were any of these changes associated with drug use?
Do your different friends or groups of friends know one another?
Do all your friends use drugs?
Do some friends or groups of friends have patterns of heavier use than others?   
Are some friends or groups of friends drug-abstinent?
Do you have one best friend or group of best friends?
How long have they been your best friend(s)?
With which circle of friends is your best friend connected?
Does your drug use vary from one friend or group of friends to another, or is it pretty consistent no matter whom you're with?
Are some friends more than others associated in your mind with drug use?
Which ones?
Why?
Do you feel more inclined to use drugs when you're alone or when you're around friends?
How important is using drugs to you and your friends?
Do you usually feel on the inside or the outside of your groups of friends?
Do you see some friends more than others?
Which ones?
Have you used drug(s) when you've been around strangers?
Was that the same or different from when you're around friends?
What became of the friends you started using drug(s) with?
Do you still know them?
Do you still use drug(s) together?

Relationship(s) to Other Subject(s)

(Use this sequence when the subject is socially connected to another subject.
Repeat all questions for each subject to whom he or she is connected.)
I understand you know -, who also came in for an interview.
Is there anyone else you know whom we have interviewed?
What is your relationship to -?
How long have you known -?
How do you get along?
How often have you met with over the last two years?
How often do you speak to each other by telephone or write?
When do you get together with   ?
Special occasions?
Dinner?
Alone or with others?
Have there been any major changes in your relationship to over time?
When?
What caused the change?
Which drugs, including legal drugs like alcohol and tobacco, does use now?
About how often does use each of these?
Have there been any changes in the drugs uses or the way he/she uses them over the last two years?
When?
What changed?
How would you explain the change?
Do you and ever use drugs together?
Which ones?
How often?
When?
Do you and use drugs in the same way?
The same dose?
Under the same circumstances?
Do you ever share drugs with each other?
Does one of you ever supply drugs to the other, either for profit or at cost?
Has using drugs together affected your relationship in any way?
Do you think - is reasonable about his/her drug use?
Does use interfere with his/her life?
Does use benefit him/her?
How would you compare your drug use to -'s?
Is there some part of your drug use doesn't know about?
Why not?
Do you think drugs are more or less important to you than to -?
Have you ever been worried or concerned about -'s drug use?
In what way(s)?
Has - ever got into any trouble with the law or at work or school with drugs?
Were you involved in any way?
Has - ever had any adverse reactions to a drug?
When?
Has - ever received treatment for drug use?
When?
Has -'s drug use ever been out of control?
Do you think - will continue to use drugs?

Boyfriend/Girlfriend, Husband/Wife

Do you have a boyfriend/girlfriend, husband/wife?
How long have you been seeing him/her/them?
What does your spouse think of your friends?
How many serious relationships have you had in the past?
How long did they last? (and/or)
Are you inclined to have a lot of quick relationships?
Do you and your mate have a sexual relationship?
Is the sexual relationship satisfactory or are there problems?
How about the relationship in general?
Like it?
Troublesome?
Something you worry about?
Always a hassle?
Do you and/or your mate use drugs when you have sex?
Always or occasionally?
What are your feelings about drugs and sex?
Compared to your friends of the same sex, did you have sexual relations with a mate earlier, later, or about the same time? About how old were you?
Have you ever had homosexual relations?
As a regular pattern?
To the exclusion or in addition to heterosexual relations?
What are your feelings about homosexual relations?

Drug History-Alcohol And Tobacco

What substance did you use first?
What earliest memory or association do you have about drinking, that is, not you yourself drinking but:
Seeing someone drunk in your family?
Seeing someone drunk on TV or the movies, etc.?
How did you feel about them?
What memories do you have about the first time you drank?
Who were the people you drank with?
Where were you?
How old were you?
How old were your friends?
Did you actively search it out or did you come across it?
How long did it take for you to use alcohol regularly?
What did regular use look like?
Where did you usually drink?
With whom?
How long did this period last?
Were you a heavy drinker, moderate drinker, light drinker?
Was your use ever out of control?
Was your use always consistent or was it in fits and starts?
Have you ever stopped using it? Why? For how long?
Did you go back? Why or why not?
What is your alcohol use like now?
Do/did your parents use alcohol themselves?
What kinds of drinkers are/were they?
Did you ever see your parents drunk or hear of their being out of control?
Were you ever worried that they might be alcoholics?
Do/did your parents take prescription drugs such as tranquilizers, barbiturates, amphetamines, etc.?
What did you think about that?
Did your parents ever talk with you about alcohol or tobacco?
What did they say?
Were you using at the time?
How long did it take before you started using?
Can you remember any time your parents stopped using alcohol or tobacco?
Why?
For how long?
Did they continue use at any time?
Was there any point when you were formally given a drink with your parents?
Offered a cigarette?
When you were little, did they ever share their drink with you or let you take a puff?
When did your parents become aware (find out) that you were using alcohol?
What were the circumstances?
What was their reaction?
Have you ever been publicly intoxicated?
Have you ever been sick on alcohol? Nausea, vomiting? Passed out?
Compared to your friends, did you get sick more or less often?
Did you ever go into a bar and get served even though you were underage?

Drug History-First Illicit Drug Use

(Use this sequence for first illicit drug used only.)
After alcohol and tobacco, what was the next drug you tried?
How old were you?
Who showed you how to use it?
What specifics can you recall about the first try?
What was your reaction to the high?
When you first started using, did you tend to use alone or with other people?
Who were the people you used with?
Where did you usually use it?
Did you actively search it out or did you just come across it?
Had you thought about trying it before you actually did so?
Were you curious? Afraid? Excited?
Had you ever sworn to keep away from it?
As you think back, when did you first become aware of (drug)?
When did you first hear about it?
What did you hear about it?
What did you feel about it?
When did you next try - (drug)?
With whom?
Why?
What were the circumstances?
How long after the first try did it take to become a regular user?
What did regular use look like for you?
When was the first time you tried it by yourself?
How did you feel about the experience?
When did you first buy - (drug)?
How did you feel about that?
Would you please describe your use of - (drug) from the time you began to the present?
Did you ever have any period of heavy or light use?
Was your use ever out of control?
Have you ever stopped using it?
Why?
For how long?
If you have phased out use of a drug, please describe that process.
How did you feel about it?
Did your parents ever talk to you about - (drug)?
What did they say?
Were you using at the time?
How long after you started using did they talk to you?
What do you think made them decide to talk to you?
How long did it take before your parents found out you used it?
How did they find out?
What was their reaction?
Did you ever have any adverse or unpleasant experience with it?
Please explain?
How did that affect your use?
What in particular pleases you about - (drug)?
Who knows about your use of - (drug)?

Drug History-Other Drugs

(Use this sequence for chronological use of other illicit drugs NOT including opiates.)
What was the next drug you tried?
How old were you?
What specifics (circumstances) can you recall about the first try?
What was your reaction to the high?
When you first started using, did you tend to use alone or with other people?
Who were the people you used with?
Please describe your use of over time to the present.
Did you ever have any periods of heavy or light use?
(For heavy use) How did you feel when you stopped or reduced use?
Was your use ever out of control?
Have you ever stopped using -?
Did you ever have any adverse or unpleasant experience with it?
Please explain.
How did that affect your use?
Who knows about you use of  - ?

For Opiates Specifically

How old were you when you started using?
Who showed you how to use it?
What specifics can you recall about the first try?
When you first started using, who were the people you started using with, if any?
Where did you usually use it?
Did you actively search it out?
Did you just come across it?
When do you first recall knowing about it?
Prior to using  - (opiate), what was your information or your opinion about it?
Had you thought about trying it before you actually did so?
Were you curious? Afraid? Looking forward to it?
Had you ever sworn to keep away from it?
Did your parents ever talk to you about - (opiate)?
What did they say?
Were you using at the time?
How long after you started, before they talked to you about it?
Why did they decide to talk to you about it?
How long did it take before your parents found out you used it?
How did they find out?
What was their reaction?
When did you next try it?
With whom?
What were the circumstances?
How long after the first try did you become a regular user?
What did regular use look like for you?
When did you first buy it?
How did you feel about buying it?
Please describe your use over time to the present.
Did you have any periods of heavy or light use?
Have you stopped using it? Why? For how long?
When was the first time you used - (opiate) by yourself?
What did you feel about it?
Have you ever had a habit? (How many and for how long?)
When did you first realize you had a habit?
How did you kick?
How long were you clean (not physically addicted)?
Could you be an addict?
If not, how do you avoid becoming an addict?
Have you ever felt that you were getting a habit?
What did you do?
What does the term "dabbler" mean to you?
What does the term "chipper" mean to you?   
Describe what happens when other chippers or compulsive users move into your neighborhood.
Who knows about your opiate use?
Only other occasional users?
What in particular pleases you about opiate use?
Do you usually use opiates by yourself or with others?
Have you ever had an adverse or unpleasant experience with - (opiate of choice)?
What was it?
How did it affect your use?
Now, I'd like you to describe an average using situation for me, in as much detail as you can. I'll help by asking some questions.
To begin, tell me how you go about getting the drug.

Procurement

Whom do you buy from? Addict or fellow dabbler?
How long have you known this person?
How is the quality over time?
Who buys? Does he/she always buy for the group?
How much do you pay for how much?
How long does this last?
Does the buyer get a "present" of an extra taste?

Getting Ready

Where do you usually get off? Whose place? Which room?
What's the lighting like?
Is there usually music? What kind?
Do you use glasses, syringes, and ties?
Who provides these? Who cleans up? Does everyone share, or does each person have his own works?
Do you use droppers or syringes?
What do you do with doors, windows, telephone?
Do you have a favorite part of your works-bottlecaps, ties?
How much time elapses between the idea of getting high and actually doing so?
Do you usually use indoors or outdoors?
Do you have other drugs around (for added high or just in case)?
How about juices (beverages)?
Who cleans up the house afterwards?

Getting Off

Who gets off first?
Does everyone self-inject or do people get one another off?
Can you get yourself off?
Is there anyone in the group who can't get himself or herself off?
How many times do you get off?
Do you boot? For how long?
What kinds of things do you talk about while getting off?
(Example: The quality of the drug)
Do people usually throw up?
Is there a group somatic complaint, for example, headache?
What do you usually do when high?
Listen to music? Watch TV?
What kinds of things do you talk about when high?
For example, group reminiscing about the dope in the good old days or talk about who has good dope.
Do you get off at a special time of night/day, week, season?
How long do people stay around:
When high?
After they've come down?
I know it's hard to describe, but try and tell me in your own words what the high feels like.
What do you like most about it?
Does the drug have different effects at different times or in different situations?
In other words, is the high a constant thing that you can count on, or does it vary with the particular batch or circumstances?
What happens when you come down?
What do you do when you're coming down?
What does the next day feel like?
Is it just like any other day, or does it feel different in some ways?
Are you a little wasted, burned out, or tired?
Do you find yourself easier or more difficult to please?
Do you get over the experience quickly or do some effects last a day or two?
Does this help you control your use, or does it tempt you?

Drugs in General

Were there one or more periods of time when you tried a variety of drugs:
For the first time?
When was this?
How long did it last?
What drugs did you try?
Which drugs did you use regularly in this period?
When did the period end?
Why did it end?
(Left geographic area?
One or more friends moved away?
Went back to work or to school?
Arrested?
Developed new friendships and interests?
Other?)
Do you find you usually have one drug as a mainstay (use more often), or do you switch around?
Do you enjoy drug(s) more when you're alone or when you're with others?
Are there some drugs you use with some people and other drugs you use with other people?
Do you usually plan when you'll use a drug or is it more by chance?
Are there some times during the day, week, month, or season when you're more inclined to use one drug than the other?
(For example, Psychedelics in good weather? Psychedelics in the spring? Heroin on the weekends? Marihuana before dinner? Daytime versus nighttime?)
Why?
Which of the drugs that you either have used in the past or currently use do you prefer?
Why?
Do you mix drugs or do you prefer to keep them separate?
Do you have any rules about using drugs?
Are there any things that you check on before you use a drug?
Do you know anyone who has got into legal difficulties with his/her use of drug(s)?
What happened?
Have you ever got into legal difficulties with your use of drug(s)?
What happened?
Has anyone you know ever overdosed or died from drug use?
How many?
Have you ever overdosed or had an adverse drug reaction?
Will you use a drug in a strange place?
Is acquiring drug(s) easy or difficult for you?
How much do you pay for what amount?
Can you keep drugs around without using them up quickly?
What activities do you particularly enjoy when you're high?
Are you more likely to use drugs in a particular place, or will any place do?
If you were to tell a new - (drug of choice) user three important things about using, what would they be?
Where did you get this information?
Have you ever turned anybody on for the first time?
How did it come about?
Are there drugs you have refused to try?
Which ones?
Why?
Are there any drugs you'd really like to try?
Which ones?
How is it that you haven't tried them yet?
Have you ever dealt drug(s)?
Which ones?
To make money or to cover costs?
Were you ever in a drug-education program or did you ever hear a special drug presentation?
What was talked about?
Who ran the program?
Did you think the teacher knew what he or she was talking about?
What was your response?
Did your drug use change in any way?
Have you ever done any reading about drug(s)?
(Books?
Magazines?
Pamphlets?
Newspapers?)
What was your reaction?
Did what you read influence your drug use?
In what way?
For how long?
Have you ever seen movies or television programs in which there have been references to drugs?
What was the nature of these references?
What was your reaction to them?
When someone tells you something about drugs, what causes you to believe or disbelieve him or her?
From what source have you obtained your most reliable information about drugs?
Your most unreliable information?
Do you feel closer to the drug world or to the nondrug world?
How do you feel about the drug culture now compared to when you first started out?
Where do you think it's going?
What do you think about the laws relating to drug(s)?
Too harsh or too easy?
Should drug(s) be legalized or decriminalized?
If drug(s) were legalized, do you think your use would change?
Have changes in your pattern of consumption been caused by:
A geographic move?
A change in friends?
Going to or leaving work or school?
Breaking up with or meeting a girlfriend/boyfriend, husband/wife?
A change in health?
A change in interests?
Have you ever spoken to a doctor or a nurse or to a counselor about your drug use or about drugs in general?
When did this happen? (Why?)
What were the circumstances? (In a hospital? In a drug treatment center? In the course of a regular checkup?)
How did the drugs come up?
How did he or she react to your drug use?
What did he or she say about drugs?
Was he or she helpful to you? Would you talk with him or her or someone like that person again?
Do you plan to keep on using drugs?
How do you feel about your current pattern of use?
Are you satisfied?
Do you think you are using too much?
Do you think you'd like to use more?