To Arthur H. Briggs, chairman of the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Texas Health Science Center, I express my gratitude for his active support and encouragement of this publication effort.

Dr. David H. Ross must be singled out for his meticulous critique of certain manuscripts submitted, and so must my proofreaders who include Eleanor K. Meyer, Sanford L. Futterman, and Carol Green. My thanks also for the journalistic assistance of my friend Jim Tilton.

Since I am a career teacher in drug addiction sponsored by a grant from the National Institute on Drug Addiction, I also wish to acknowledge not only the sponsorship but the active encouragement of James Callaghan, the monitor of my award with NIDA 1-T01-DA00290-03.

The late Drs. Milton Gross and Michael Walsh must be recognized for their motivational impact on this area of investigation. While Dr. Gross was my mentor in the treatment area, Dr. Walsh's work with Virginia Davis laid the foundation for the initial scrutiny of alcohol—opiate links in a paper they published in 1970.

Speaking of mentors, I cannot forget the men who gave so much of themselves to me in my formative years— Drs. Joseph Seifter and Irving Geller, who showed the way and set the example.

Although there are many others who should be thanked for their part in making this book possible, let me complete these acknowledgments by expressing my heartfelt gratitude to Diana Bard and Murray Hamilton, as associate editors who answered my many demands.