Drug Abuse

Final Report of Brigade-Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel Keith, Superintendent, Lunatic Asylum, Hyderabad (Sind), on the Hemp Drug cases of 1892 (submitted on 41k February 1894).

I have the honour to forward herewith the reports on previous histories of patients admitted in 1892, and to request you to be good enough to substitute them for the previous ones, as I am not pleased with them.
NO. I. MUL,CHAND WALIRAM-HINDU.
There is no history of heredity. His father gives a history of sunstroke when he was in Bombay. This might have been the predisposing cause, and the use of bhang afterwards proving the exciting cause. There is only the father's statement that he had sunstroke at Bombay ; there is no medical evidence. But that he indulged freely in the use of hemp drugs is shown by the history as recorded by the Magistrate and Civil Surgeon ; and there being direct proof of his indulging freely in hemp drugs, and as he confesses himself that he indulged freely in their use, is always asking for them, and ready to indulge in them,. his case is classified as toxic insanity (mania).
NO. 2. LACHHMAN WALJI-HINDU.
There is no further history obtainable in this case. The man has no relations in Hyderabad. He is a mendicant and came from Katiawar ; but he cannot give the address of any relation from whom his previous history can be obtained ; but he confesses to the habitual use of hemp drugs, knows how to prepare them, and is ready to indulge in them without stint ; his case is classified therefore as toxic insanity (mania).
No. 3. FARTO-MUSULMAN FAKIR.
This man was a mendicant about whom no previous history could be obtained. He came from Marwar. During his residence in the Asylum he was continually asking for hemp drugs or opium, knew how bhang, ganja and charas were prepared, and was ready to indulge to any extent if given these drugs. His type was classified as toxic insanity (dementia).
No. 4. HIRAMON-HINDU FAKIR.
There is no further history obtainable in this case. He was a mendicant, and these mendicants, as a rule, freely indulge in hemp drugs ; and as in the Asylum he is always asking for them, knows how to prepare bhang, ganja a'nd charas, and is ready to indulge in them to intoxication, his case is classified as toxic insanity (mania).
No. 5. SOBA-HINDU.
There is no further history obtainable in this case. He was also before his admission into the Asylum a mendicant ; and as he is continually asking for hemp drugs, knows how to prepare bhang, ganja and charas, and is ready to indulge to intoxication in their use, the inference is that his insanity is of a toxic nature (toxic insanity, dementia).
NO. 6. METHO DETORAM-HINDU.
The history given before the Magistrate and Civil Surgeon shows that Metho was not addicted to the use of hemp drugs, and that it was not hereditary. He himself at first denied the use of them, but at the same time he knew how bhang, ganja and charas were prepared, and was always ready to indulge in them to intoxication ; and he now confesses the use of hemp drugs to excess. The diagnosis and classification would appear therefore to be correct, hemp drugs forming the exciting cause of the insanity. The Asylum history of his case also shows it to be temporary and re-induced by the use of the drug (melancholia).
NO. 7. DHOLU walad JETHMAL-HINDu.
In the history given before the Magistrate and Civil Surgeon of Karachi the father and friend deny that Dholu indulged in hemp drugs. His father, when he brought him to the Asylum, and when he took him away, said that his son indulged in bhang, but the extent of indulgence was not ascertained. In the Asylum he was continually asking for hemp drugs, and was always ready to indulge to intoxication if hemp drugs were offered to him ; and he knew how to prepare bhang, ganja and charas. The classification would therefore seem the correct one, viz., toxic insanity (mania).
No. 8. MATADIN-HINDU.
The previous history shows that hemp drugs were the exciting cause of Matadin's insanity, and that it was temporary, as he is now employed in a garden close to the asylum, is doing well, and has given over the use of hemp drugs. He confessed all along to the use of the drug, and attributed his insanity to its use. ,His case was therefore one of toxic insanity (mania).
No. g. SHIKRO FAKIR-MUSULMAN.
The history taken before the Magistrate and Civil Surgeon shows that he was in the habit of taking bhang from his infancy, and that there was no heredity. In the Asylum he was continually asking for it, and ready to indulge to intoxication. The classification toxic insanity would therefore appear to be the correct one, and that hemp drugs were the exciting cause (type mania).
NO. 10. BAXALIMUSULMAN.
The history taken before the Magistrate and Civil Surgeon shows that Baxali indulged in bhang, ganja and charas, and that his insanity was not hereditary. He is now quite well, and testifies that he was formerly in the habit of taking bhang and smoking charas every day, and that charas smoking was the cause of his insanity. His case was therefore classified as toxic insanity (mania).
NO. II, SEVO-HINDU.
The history taken before the Magistrate and Civil Surgeon shows that Sevo indulged in bhang, ganja and charas, chandu-smoking and opium-eating. When in the Asylum he often asked for the drugs, knew how to prepare bhang, ganja and charas, and was ready to indulge to intoxication. His case was therefore classified as toxic insanity (mania).
NO. 12. GULAZIM-PATHAN.
No previous history can be obtained except that the prisoners in the Shikarpur Jail said that he was a charas-smoker. He now confesses to its excessive use, is always asking for it, and is ready to indulge to intoxication. The diagnosis recorded, viz., toxic insanity, seems therefore correct (mania).
NO. 13. DULSINGAR SINGH-HINDU.
He was a wandering men3icant, and no previous history was obtainable. In the Asylum he was constantly asking for hemp drugs and opium, and ready to indulge at any moment to the degree of intoxication. The inference is that the diagnosis of toxic insanity was the correct one (type mania).

J. F. KEITH, Brigade-Surg.-Lieut-Col., Superintendent, Lunatic Asylum, Hyderabad.

First Report of the Superintendent, Lunatic Asylum, Hyderabad (Sind), on the Hemp Drug cases of 1892 (submitted on 1st December 1893).

CASE No. I OF MULCHAND.

I state that my name is Waliram, my father's name Sangatram, my age about 55 years, my religion Hindu, my caste Lohano, my calling Hawker, my residence Hyderabad           
town.

Mulchand (in Asylum register the name is put down as Bulchand), who is now in the Asylum for the last two years, is my son. I have five scns besides Mulchand. One of them is dead. So two are employed and two are in school. None of them is addicted to narcotics ; so far as I remember none in our family has become insane. My father used to drink bhang every evening at a Dharamsala in a moderate quantity. I drink bhang, but occasionally, when I go out in the Bazar. I take a small quantity of bhang as a cooling stuff. My son, who is now in the Asylum, went to Bombay ten years ago and got mad. The insanity continued for nearly six months. I don't know what was the cause, but he himself told me that he used to go out in the sun to sell cloth and his head was affected by intense heat. Before he went to Bombay, he did not drink bluing or smoke charas or ganja. He was brought to Hyderabad and was all right for about five years ; then all of a sudden he complained of pain in his head, and became insane. So far as I know he never took narcotics ; but he might have done so in my absence. He was confined in the Asylum for six months and then discharged as all right. He fell in bad company, and commenced drinking bhang daily and smoking charas and ganja at Kali on every Tuesday for nearly five years (Temple of Goddess near Hyderabad town). I don't know what quantity of narcotics he indnlged in, because he never used these things in my presence. He became gradually insane, and he was getting troublesome ; he was confined in the Asylum. So far as I knew he was not dangerous to society, nor did he beat any one. He, however, used to beat me and his mother sometimes when excited. This is the third time that he has become insane in his lifetime. The insanity appears to be due to constant use of narcotics, such as bhang, ganja and charas. It is not hereditary. I had two brothers. They never indulged in bhang, etc.

J. KEITH,       
Civil Surgeon, Hyderabad       
THATTUMAL,       
The 22nd November 1893.    Magistrate, Second Class.

NOTE.       
The result of the local inquiry made in the neighbourhood of the lunatic is that he was always seen smoking ganja and charas and drinking bhang for the last ten or twelve years. The insanity is ascribed to use of narcotics. It is self-acquired and not hereditary. He was not epileptic, but was dangerous to society. He talked nonsense and spoke incoherently. He has become insane on three occasions. There was and is no insane person in his family. His grandfather drank a small quantity of bhang. His father also drinks bhang in a small quantity. No ganj a or charas has been used by any of his family members except the lunatic.

J. KEITH,       
Civil Surgeon, Hyderabad.       
THATTUMAL,       
The 22nd November 1893.    Magistrate, Second Class.       

CASE NO. 2.—LACHHMAO
No history can be obtained as he is unable to say where his relations live.

J. KEITH.

CASE NO. 3.—PARTO.
This man died in the Asylum. He was a native of Marwar, a mendicant with no known relations or friends in Hyderabad.

J. KEITH.

CASES Nos. 4 AND 5.0—HIRAMON AND SOBA.
These men were wandering mendicants and have no friends or relatives in Karachi. The police have also made searching inquiry but to no purpose.

G. BAINBRIDGE, Civil Surgeon, Karachi, (Illegible) First Class Magistrate, Karachi.

CASE OF METHO, SON OF DETARAM, No. 6.
Statement of Oodernomal, son of Detaram, aged 29 years, Hindu Lohana, servant, risiding at Karachi.
1 . Do you know Metho Detaram who is now an inmate in the Lunatic Asylum at Hyderabad?   I. Yes, I know him ; he is my younger brother.


2. How many times has he been in the Asylum ? 
a. This is his second time. He was first sent to the Asylum some three years ago, when he was kept there for seven or eight months ; he was then declared to be well and released. He remained well for three months after he came out of the Asylum and then again became insane. He was again sent to the hospital (Asylum) 16 months ago.

3. At what age he first showed symp toms of insanity? .3. He was about 18 years old when he first became insane, and he is now 21

4. Did he follow any occupation at the time he became insane, and what symptoms of insanity did he show? 4. He was employed as a servant in the shop of one Chello Mulchand, who has a coffee shop at the Ghizri Sanitarium. He was employed by Chello for three or three and a half years, and suddenly left his service and came to live in my house ; there he showed symptoms of insanity. Was very abusive; used to talk nonsense ; at like a glutton ; committed mischief ; became violent and troublesome. I then placed him under the treatment of a native hakim (quack), but it did him no good. I then took him to the civil hospital, but there too no good was done. About this time I had to go to Hyderabad for my marriage, so I took Metho with me to Hyderabad ; he became worse, so I placed him under the treatment of Dr. Tarachand for a month, but finding no change, I sent him to the Asylum through the Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Hyderabad. This was the first time; second time he was sent by the Civil Surgeon of Karachi to the Asylum.

5. Did Metho indulge in any kind of intoxicating drug ; if so, of what kind ? 5. I have never seen him drink bhang or indulge in any kind of intoxicating drug, such as ganja or charas, and not even liquor.

6. Can you assign any reason for his insanity ; was he in any financial or other difficulties ? 6. I cannot assign any reason. He had had no difficulties.

7. Can you tell me whether there were any cases of insanity either in your father's or mother's family ? 7. No; none.

8. How long after his first return from the Asylum that he kept well ? 8. For a few days he was perfectly well and calm ; then he began to give trouble ; committed mischief ; abused people. These things went on for two or two and a half months, when he was made over to the police.

9. Are you or any member of your family in the habit of taking intoxicating drug ? 9. No.

Statement of Durrian, son of Detaram, aged 24 years, Hindu Lohana, residing at Karachi.

1. Do you know Metho Detaram, who is now an inmate in the Lunatic Asylum at Hyderabad, and what is he to you? 1. Yes, I know Metho, he is my younger brother.

2. When did he first show symptoms of insanity, and what was this age then ?  2. He first showed symptoms of insanity little over three years ago, he was then about 17 years old.

3. How many times has he been sent to the Asylum? 3. Twice.

4. What symptoms of insanity did he first exhibit ? 4. He was talking nonsense, used to eat much, commit mischief, break things, use violence. At first we put him under the treatment of native hakims, then under European doctors, but without any good result. The first time he was sent to the asylum by the Divisional Magistrate, Hyderabad, he remained there for a year and was then released ; soon afterwards he again showed signs of insanity and was worse than before ; we were then obliged to hand him over to the police, who sent him to the Civil Surgeon and then again to the asylum.

5. Can you tell me whether your brother Metho indulged in any kind of hemp drug, which form of the drug ? 5. Metho, to the best of my knowledge, never indulged in any kind of intoxicating drug. He very seldom used to take a little liquor.

6. Can you tell me whether the medicine prescribed to him contained any hemp drug? 6. No; I cannot say that.

7. What occupation did your brother Metho follow when he first became insane, and what did he do the second time ? 7. He was employed by one Chello Mulchand, coffee shopkeeper at Ghizri, and the second time he did nothing. He was with Chello for two or two and a half years.

8. Can you say whether during the two or two and a half years that he was employed at Chello's he took to intoxicating drug. Had you any means of knowing that? 8. He used very often to come to us, and I have never seen him using any kind of hemp drug, nor have I ever seen him intoxicated.

9. Was he married or unmarried when he became insane? 9. He was unmarried and has not married as yet.

10. Has there been any insanity in your father's or your mother's family ? 10. No; not that I am aware of.

11. To what cause do you then assign Metho's insanity? 11. I cannot say.

12. Had he any difficulties? 12. Not that I am aware of.

Statement of Tevo, son of 7etho, aged 54 years, Hindu Lohana, residing at Karachi.

1. Do yo know Metho, son of Detaram. and where he is now ? 1. I know Metho. He is now in the Lunatic Asylum at Hyderabad.

2. How many times has he been sent to the Asylum and when ? 2. He was first sent to the Asylum some 3i years ago and remained there for 12 or 14 months, got all right and came to Karachi, where.he did well for two or three months, and then again showed symptoms of insanity. He was therefore sent back to the Asylum.

3. To what cause do you assign his insanity. Did he indulge in any kind of hemp drug or any other intoxicating drug? 3. No; he did not. I am married to his sister this last 12 years, and I know the boy ever since. I cannot assign any cause for his insanity.

4. What occupation Metho followed when he became insane ? 4. He was employed as a servant at one Chello Mulchand's at Ghizri, where he had a coffee shop ; he became insane there and came to live with us. He was very troublesome, given to acts of violence, was very abusive, used to eat much, go about naked and talk nonsense. He was first placed under the treatment of a native hakim, then that of a European doctor, and finding no change he was sent to the Asylum.

5. Can you tell me what medicine the native hakim gave Metho and whether there was any hemp drug in it? 5. I can't say what medicine the native hakim gave him. It was for drinking, but I can't say whether it contained any hemp drug or whether it caused any intoxication.

6. Has there been any insanity in his father's or mother's family ? 6. Not to my knowledge.

7. Was Metho in any difficulties ? 7. No.

8. Is he married or unmarried ? 8. Unmarried.

Statement of Chello, son of Mukhand, aged 43 years, Hindu Lohana, shopkeeper, Ghirzi Sanitarium, Karachi.

1. Do you know Metho, son of Detaram, and how have you become acquainted with him ?    1. I know Metho Detaram. He was my servant. I used to pay him Rs. 3 a month and  food.

2. How long did he serve with you, and why did he leave your service? 2. He was with me for about two and a half or three years and left my service as subsequently his mind was little unhinged. He left my service of his own accord.

3. When did he leave your service ? 3. About three years ago.

4. Can you tell me whether Metho was in the habit of taking hemp or other intoxicating drug during the time he was in your service? 4. No; I have never seen him take hemp drug of any kind, nor any other intoxicating drug. Very seldom he used to take a little liquor and only when I offered him.

5. Can you tell me whether he took bhang even in the hot weather ? 5. No ; I have never seen him.

6. Was he in any financial or other difficulties? 6. No; not to the best of my knowledge.

7. Can you assign any cause for his insanity ? 7. No; I cannot.

G. BAINBRIDGE, M.D., Civil Surgeon, Karachi. Illegible,Magistrate, F. C., Karachi.

Metho has always denied the use of bhang, but knew how it was prepared and smoked. I tried an experiment one afternoon and got bhang, ganja and charas ; and Sarandas (who is now discharged cured) acted as host. All the Mawalees (Sobo, Heeramona, Luxi- mon, Gulazim, Metho and others) were attracted ; and Metho, in his quiet sensible way was the most eager to join and help in their preparation and to assist in their consumption. He is now almost well, and he confeSses to having used I pice bhang, 2 pice ganja and 2 pice charas every day, and he says moreover that his brothers and employer, Chello, knew all about it.

J. KEITH,
Superintendent, Hyderabad Asylum.

CASE OF DHOLU, SON OF JETHANAND.

No. 7.

Statement of Jethanand, son of Lahorimal, aged so years. Hindu Lohana, trader, resident of Manjhond in the Karachi district.

1. Do you know Dholu, and what is he to you ? T. Yes, I know him ; he is my son.

2. Did he become insane ; and, if so, when and what were the symptoms ; what was his age when he first showed symptoms of insanity ? 2. My son Dholu showed symptoms of insanity 16 months ago ; he was then 16 years old. At first he became abusive, speaking incoherently and nonsense ; used to quarrel with members of the family and used to eat much. For a few days we confined him in a room ; there he one day tore his clothes and became naked ; he also became dirty. in his habits. After three weeks of this state I took him to the Civil Surgeon of Hyderabad for treatment, and he advised me to send him to the lunatic Asylum there. I did so ; he was kept in the Asylum for three months and was then released perfectly cured. He is now nearly 18 years of age.

3. Was this his first time in the Asylum, or has he been sent before ? This was his first time.

4. Can you say whether your son Dholu indulged in any intoxicating drug ; if so, of what kind ?  To the best of my knowledge, my son did not indulge in or make use of any kind of intoxicating drug before or after his insanity. During the summer when the weather was very hot he used, on very rare occasions, to drink bhang, but in a very moderate form and in a very small quantity.

5. To what cause do you then assign his insanity ? Before becoming insane Dholu was suffering from piles and passed good deal of blood ; he was consequently placed under the treatment of a native hakim (quack), who almost cured him of his piles. A month after that he showed symptoms of insanity.

6. Can you tell me what was the medicine given by the native hakim ; was it for external or internal use ? If used internally, can you say whether it contained any intoxicating or narcotic ingredients ?  To the best of my recollection the medicine given was for external use ; he may probably have given something to drink, but I am not positive of that.

7. Has there been any kind of insanity in your or your wife's family ? No. None.

8. Did your son again show symptoms of insanity after he was brought from the Asylum, and did he ever afterwards become troublesome ? No. Nor did he become troublesome ; on the contrary for two or three months after his release from the Asylum he did not go out of the house through shame.

9. Had he any financial or other difficulties ?  None whatever.

10. Is he married ; if so, before or after the insanity? He is married and was married before the insanity.

11 What was he doing before he became insane ? He was employed in the shop of his maternal uncle at Sehwan.

12. Did you tell the Superintendent of the Asylum at Gidu Bundar that your son indulged in bhang ? No. I don't recollect having said so. If I have told him, I must have said that he occasionally took bhang in the hot weather.

EVIDENCE OF DHOLU, SON OF JETHANAD

No. 7, Lunatic Dholu, son of Jethanand

1. Were you admitted into the Asylum at Gidu Bundar ? . 1. Yes, I was.

2. Did you ever indulge in bhang or any intoxicating drug ? 2. No, I did not indulge in any intpxicating drugs ; occasionally in the summer when it was very hot I used to take a little bbang in a liquid state and in a very mild form. I did not take any other drug but that occasionally I used to take a little liquor, but that was on very rare occasions.

3. What is your age now and what was your age when you became insane ? 3. I am now 18 years old. I was little over ip years when I became insane.

4. Can you assign any reason for your insanity ?    4. 1 was suffering from piles and I lost good deal of blood for three or four months and was in very great pain. I was under the treatment of a native hakim (quack) who cured me. He gave me both medicines to drink as well as to apply externally. I am not entirely cured of the disease, but I don't lose any blood now. I took the internal medicine for one or two days. I think he gave me some opening medicines. I can't say whether there was any intoxicating drug in them, but I did not get any intoxication.

Hiranand, son of Gyanchand, aged 35 years, Hindu, Lobana, Merchant, resident of Manjhand, and now of Karachi States.

1. Do you know Dholu, son of Jethanand ? 1. Yes, I know Dholu ; his father Jethanand is a partner of ours.

2. Do you know them intimately? 2. Yes, I know the whole family intimately.. They are all residents of our village Manr jhand.

3. Do you .know that Dholu had become insane and was sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Hyderabad ? 3. Yes, I know that.

4. Do you know whether Dholu indulged in any kind of intoxicating drug ? 4. To the best of my knowledge I have never seen him indulge in any kind of drugs, such as bhang, charas or ganja. He used occasionally to take bhang in the hot weather in a very mild form. On rare occasions he used to take a little liquor. I have never seen him intoxicated.

5. Can you then assign any reason for his insanity? 5. No, I cannot.

6. Can you tell me whether Dholu's father or his relatives are in the habit of indulging in bhang or any other intoxicating drug? 6. To the best of my knowledge I have never seen any member of his family indulging in intoxicating drugs. I know his father used to drink a little bhang now and then during the hot weather.

7. Can you tell me whether any member of Dholu's family or any relatives of his mother were or are affected with insanity ? 7. No, none.

G. BAINBRIDGE, M.D., Civil Surgeon, Karachi. Illegible, Magistrate, F.C., Karachi.

Dholu, when he was in the Asylum, confessed all along to the use of hemp drugs.

J. KEITH, Superintendent, Hyderabad Asylum.-

CASE No. 8.

Statement of Matadin.
I state that my name is Matadin, my father's name is Minbi, my age is 30 years, my religion is Hindu, my caste Kahir, my calling Mali, my residence now Hyderabad, but inhabitant of village Gadeya, Zilla Nawab Ganj, Bara Banki, North-Western Provinces.
I have been in Hyderabad since five years. Before that I was in my native place. Since coming to Hyderabad I have been employed in the Municipal garden as a chota Mali. For a short time I was Dewan Chandasing's servant. I was confined in the Lunatic Asylum for six months and seven days after I became insane. It is now nearly eight months since I have been discharged from the Asylum. The cause of insanity is that I smoke ganja and charas dai'y-. I contracted this habit since my infancy. I know my
father used to smoke ganja and charas twice a day, each time one pice worth. My father never became insane.

NOTE. One pits worth. Charas L-th of a tola. Gana ith do. Bhang ith    do

He had four brothers who did not smoke ganja and charas or drink bhang. So far as I know none of my family members have become insane, but smoking of ganja and charas is a common thing among our caste people. While I was at home I used to smoke charas and ganja twice a day, about one pice worth at a time (morning and evening).
One tola of ganja is to be had for 1 anna and 3 pies and one tola charas for 6.5 annas. After my coming to Hyderabad I began to smoke ganja and charas three times a day, morning, mid-day and evening, each time one pice worth. One day I purchased one tola of charas, and smoked it in company of ten persons and became insane at once because my head was affected by it. The effect of charas is stronger than that of ganja. It produces intoxication at once and lasts for about 2 or 3 hours, while ganja goduces intoxication after 2 or 3 minutes and remains for about an hour and and a half. I do not drink bhang often, but only on big religious days, say three or four times in a year. Since I have been discharged from the Asylum, I never had any fits of insanity. The reason is that I keep away from drinking narcotics. I have no relations here, but Maju, Head Mali in the Municipal Garden, is my countryman and knows me since I have come here. It is he who found me lying near the Fuleli Bridge and took me to the Police Chowki, whence I was sent to the Asylum. This is the first time that I ,have become insane.

J. KEITH Civil Surgeon, Hyderabad. THATTUM AL. The 22nd November 1893.    Magistrate, Second Class.

Statement of Maju.

I state that my name is Maju, my father's name is Sahibdin, my age is 40, my religion is Hindu, my caste is Mali, my calling Gardener, my residence Jeypore, Zilla Nawab Gunj Data Banki, North-Western Provinces.

I know Matadin since he has come to Hyderabad, say about five years. He was employed as a chota mali for about two years, and after that for a short time as a servant to Dewan Chandasing ; while in his service he became insane. I know Matadin. used to smoke ganja and charas three times a day, one pice worth each time. One day I found him lying near the Fuieli Bridge near the town. I took him to the Police Chowki with a view to his being sent to the Lunatic Asylum for treatment. He appeared dangerous then and talked nonsense and spoke incoherently. I am not acquainted with his family, but my village is at a distance of five miles from that of his. He is now again employed in the Municipal Garden. I take particular care of him. He has not smoked charas and ganja since his discharge from the Asylum. The result is that he is all right and has had no fits of insanity. So far as I know this was the first time that he became insane.

J. KEITH,                   
Civil Surgeon, Hyderabad.                   
THATTUMAL,                   
The 22nd November 1893.    Magistrate, Second Class.

NOTE.           
Matadin has no relations here. He belongs to North-Western Provinces. Maju knows him for about five years, and states that Matadin was in the habit of smoking charas and ganja, and his insanity is ascribed to the use of narcotics. It cannot be ascertained whether it is hereditary or not but the statement of Matadin shows that it is not.

J. KEITH,                   
Civil Surgeon, Hyderabad.                   
THATTUMAL,                   
The 22nd November 1893.    Magistrate, Second Class.

CASE No. 9 OF SHIKRO.

I state that my name is Mahomed, my father's name Gahno, my age about 30 years, my religion Mahomedan, my caste Chano, my calling Labourer, my residence Gote  Lallno Nunari, Taluka Hyderabad.

Shikro, fakir, was my only brother. He was in the Lunatic Asylum for about two months, and died at our village about ten months ago. Before he became insane, he used to drink bhang daily, once in the evening, worth one pice. This habit he contracted since infancy. He did not smoke charas or ganja. My father was also a fakir, and used to drink bhang every morning and evening. That was also about one pice worth, and sometimes a little more. My father died about 29 years ago. Shikro was my elder brother by two or three years. No one was and is insane in our family and was and is addicted to using narcotics excepting my father and brother. My uncle is alive, and does not use narcotics. My brother became mad once before he was sent to the Asylum. The duration was about two years. When he became mad the second time, he was caught by the Police and sent to the Asylum for treatment. He was discharged, and died at home' after seventeen or eighteen days. I live at a distance of six miles from Hyderabad town. He was not epileptic, but was considered dangerous to others.

J. KEITH,                   
Civil Surgeon, Hyderabad. THATTLTMAL,                   
The 22nd November 1893.    Magistrate, Second Class.

CASE No. ro, BAXALI.

I state that my name is Baxali, my father's name Irnambux, my age about 25 years, my religion Mahomedan, my caste Babar, my calling Wacksmith, my residence Hyderabad town.                   

I was about five months in the Lunatic Asylum. It is about eleven months since I have been discharged from it. I drink bhang now daily in the evening, about one pice worth, since my discharge from the Asylum. I have not lost my senses. Before I became insane, I used to smoke charas occasionally in company with others ; sometimes I purchased charas with my own money, worth one pice (note one twenty-fourth part of a tola), and smoked alone. But I was not a daily smoker of charas. I also drank bhang (morning and evening), worth one pice at a time (viz., /ths of a tola). My father and uncle are dead. I have no relatives in the house excepting my wife. My father used to drink bhang daily twice (morning and evening), worth one pice at a time. My uncle also drank bhang twice, worth one pice at a time. None of my family members used ganja or charas. We work near fire, and therefore some of us to cool ourselves drink bhang. I got into the habit of smoking charas about six years ago. Before I got mad, I had gone out for fifteen days, so I had not tasted bhang or smoked charas during the interval. On the day I returned to Hyderabad I drank a cup of bhang, worth one pice, and on the same day I lost my senses. I was taken to the Lunatic Asylum about four months after I became insane. This is the first time that I have become mad ; so far as I know and hear there was no insane person in our family.

J. KEITH,
Civil Surgeon, Hyderabad.
THATTUMAL,
Magistrate, Second Class.

The 22nd November 1893.

I state that my name is Butchal, my father's name Mahomed Hussain, my age about 6o years, my religion Mahomedan, my caste Battu, my calling Blacksmith, my residence Hyderabad town.
I know Baxali, son of Imambux. He is not my relative, but a neighbour. His house is near mine. I know him from his infancy. His parents are dead. There is no other relation in his house except his wife. He drinks bhang daily in the evening, worth one pice (note Ilb of bhang is sold for Re o-6-6) to cool himself after day's work near fire. I know he occasionally smoked charas and drank bhang daily. His father was not insane. He used to drink bhang also both morning and evening, worth one pice at a time. His father had a brother also. He used to drink bhang too. In fact we all Lohars (Blacksmiths) indulge in a small quantity of bhang daily in the evening to cool oursleves because we work near fire. Baxali was five months in the Lunatic Asylum. I cannot say why he became mad ; but I think smoking of charas is the cause of it. It is now eleven months since he has been discharged from the Asylum. He is all right now, and has had no fit of insanity since then. When he became insane he talked nonsense, and spoke incoherently. He was not epileptic, but was dangerous to society. People were afraid of him. He was confined in his house by his brother-in-law. This is the first time that he got mad. • There was no person insane in his family and none smoked charas or ganja.

J. KEITH,
Civil Surgeon, Hyderabad.
THATTUMAL,
Magistrate, Second Class.

The 22nd November 1893.

NOTE.

It appears from local inquiry made, besides the above statements, that before Baxali became insane he was in the habit of smoking charas and drinking bhang daily in company of other persons. There was no insane person in his family, and none smoked charas or ganja. He became mad because he freely indulged in charas-smoking. When he became insane, he was confined in his house, as he was considered dangerous to society. His insanity lasted for about ten months. He was not epileptic, but talked nonsense. The insanity is not hereditary. This is the first time that he has become insane. His family members used to drink a small quantity of bhang daily.

J. KEITH,
Civil Surgeon, Hyderabad.
THATTUMAL,
Magistrate, Second Class.

The 22nd November 1893.

CASE No. II OF SEVO.

I state that my name is Ailmal, my father's name Tanumal, my age about 30 years, my religion Hindu, my caste Lohano, my calling Curd-seller, my residence Hyderabad town.

Sevo, who was in the Lunatic Asylum for about one month and a half, was my only brother. He died fifteen days after his discharge from the Asylum. This occurred about nine months ago. My parents are dead. I have no other relations. So far as I know there was no other insane person in our family. My brother was addicted to drinking bhang and smoking charas and ganja and also eating and smoking opium since his infancy. He was my elder brother, and was 35 years of age when he died. He drank bhang morning and evening, about one pice worth. He was fond of smoking charas twice a day, worth one pice at a time. Ganja he sometimes smoked. That was also c ne pice worth. When he ate opium he did not smoke opium (chandul), but when he smoked he did not eat opium. That was also one pice worth. I have been seeing him use these narcotics since I have come to maturity. He was a mason, and used to earn about one rupee a day. He became insane soon after the death of my mother. It appears that he took her death to heart, and coupled with the fact of his affected brains caused by constant use of the above drugs he lost his head. He was not dangerous to society, but people were afraid of him. He talked nonsense and spoke incoherently. My father was not in the habit of drinking bhang or smoking charas or ganja. My uncle is also dead. He also did not indulge in narcotics. In fact so far as I know none of our family members was in the habit of drinking bhang or smoking charas or ganja.

The 22nd November 1893.    J. KEITH,
Civil Surgeon, Hyderabad.
THATTUMAL,
Magistrate, Second Class.

NOTE.
The enquiry made on the spot from several persons in the neighbourhood shows that Sevo was addicted to the use of charas, ganja, bhang, and opium from his infancy. He was always seen with a chelum in his hand (pipe), in which ganja, etc.; is smoked. This shows to what extent he was wedded to the habit of using narcotic drugs. There has been no insane person in his family. His head was doubtless affected by constant use of narcotics. He was not epileptic, but was dangerous to others. He got insane for the first time. His family members did hot indulge in narcotics.

j. KEITH,
Civil Surgeon, Hyderabad.
THATTUMAL,

The 22nd November 5893.    Magistrate, Second Class.

CASE NO. 12 GULAZIM.

From Lieutenant A. F. Bruce, Assistant Political Agent, Quetta, to the Superintendent, Lunatic Asylum, Hyderabad (Sind), dated Quetta, the 301h November 1893, No. 1907.

In reply to your endorsement No. 126, dated 20th November 1893, I have the honour to inform you that the family of the Lunatic Gulazim, son of Zalmir, resides outside British territory. I am, therefore, unable to conduct the necessary inquiry into his past, personal and family history.

From the Superintendent, District Yale, Shikarpur, to the Superintendent, Lunatic Asylum, Hyderabad, dated Shikarpur, 15th November 1893, No. 1134.

With reference to paragraph 2 of the Secretary, Indian Hemp Drugs Commission's No. 149 of 16th October last, conveyed in your endorsement No. 123 of loth instant, I have the honour to forward herewith true extract from Vital No. 8, which contains observations of the then Medical Officer as to the demeanour, &c., of Gulazim, son of Zalmir, and to state that the information as regards his indulgence in hemp drugs was obtained from the prisoner.

2. As regards his previous history before admission into this Jail, no information can be had locally, as the prisoner belongs to one of the tribes wandering over Yakhistani hills.

CASE NO. 13, DULSINGAR SINGH.
This man was a native of Hindustan, a mendicant with no known relations or friends in Hyderabad.

j. KEITH,
Civil Surgeon, Hyderabad.