VOL. VI.

EVIDENCE OF WITNESSES FROM CENTRAL PROVINCES AND MADRAS TAKEN BEFORE THE INDIAN HEMP DRUGS COMMISSION.
CALCUTTA :
OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA.
1694.
Saco atm° Atifec Sicjitt et is ttaa.
QUESTIONS FRAMED BY THE COMMISSION.
Evidence before the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1893-94.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTORY.
1. What opportunities have you had of obtaining information regarding the matters connected with hemp drugs in regard to which your answers are framed ?
2. In the most recent work on ganja (Dr. Praia's report of 21st June 1893) it is stated that "in India three narcotic articles are obtained naturally from hemp. These are, siddhi or bhang, Charas, nd ganja.' They are thus defined by Dr. irain    Siddhi, bhang, subji or patti are
different names applied to the dry leaves of the hemp plant, whether male or female and whether cultivated or uncultivated.
" Charas is the name applied to the resinous matter which forms the active principle of the plant when collected separately.
" Ganja consists of the dried flowering tops of cultivated female hemp plants which have become coated with resin in consequence of having been unable to set seeds freely. The formation of seeds is prevented by the destruction of all the male plants.
"Three varieties of ganja are sold. Ganja is usually manufactured by being trodden under foot, so that the agglutinated flower-tops assume a flattened shape. This is `Flat ganja: The other sort of ganja is not trodden, but rolled under foot, so that the agglutinated flower-tops are less closely adherent, and assume a rounded shape. This is Round ganja.' The flower-tops of ganja detached from the twigs, whether of flat or of round ganja, and whether the detachment has been accidental or deliberate, form chur ' or Broken ganja.' "
May these definitions be accepted for your province? By what name is each of these products locally known ?
(4) for its fibre or seeds ;
If so, where and to what extent?
8. If there has recently been any considerable increase or decrease in the area under such cultivation, state the reason.
9. Give any particulars you are able regarding the methods of such cultivation.
10. Do the persons who cultivate hemp for its narcotic properties form a special class ? Or are they of the same classes as other agricultural cultivators?
11. Are the plants cultivated for the production of ganja ever raised from the seed of the wild hemp?
12. Have you any reason to suppose that the (so-called) wild hemp is anywhere specially cultivated for the production of ganja? If so, give the names of the districts or tracts in which this occurs, and your opinion as to the extent to which the practice exists. Is the male plant extirpated in such cases ?
13. (a) Is the cultivation of hemp plant for ganja restricted in your province ? If so, to what districts? Why were they selected ? If not restricted, is the cultivation common to all districts?
(b) Are there any special conditions of climate, soil, rainfall, elevation above sea-level, etc., which are necessary for the cultivation of hemp for producing ganja ?
(c) Is there any part of your province where its cultivation would be impossible ?
CHAPTER II.
CULTIVATION OR GROWTH OF HEMP.
(Cannabis saliva.)
3. In what districts of which you have knowledge does the hemp plant grow spontaneously ? Mention any in which it is abundant.
4. By what different names is it known? Do these refer to exactly the same plant ?
5. What special conditions of climate, soil, rainfall, elevation above sea level, etc., are necessary to the growth of the wild hemp ?
6. Is the growth of the wild hemp ordinarily dense, or scattered?
7. Is there any cultivation of the hemp plant in your province—
(a) for production of ganja;
(b) for production of charas ;
(c) for use as bhang ;
CHAPTER III.
PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE.
14. Are any of the following products of the hemp plant prepared in your province :-
(a) ganja,
(b) charas,
(c) bhang ?
If so, where and to what extent ?
15. Give any particulars you are able regarding the methods of such preparation, distinguishing specially the methods of preparation from (a) the cultivated, and (b) the wild plant respectively, and distinguishing also preparations for (A) smoking, (B) eating, and (C) drinking.
16. (a) Is bhang prepared generally by the people in their houses ?
(b) Can it be prepared from the hemp plant wherever grown ?
(c) Can ganja or charas also be prepared from the wild plant wherever grown ?
17. By what classes of the people are the preparations of the hemp drug respectively made ?
18. Does any of these three drugs (ganja, charas, and bhang) deteriorate by keeping? Does
vol. vi.
i i
it quite lose its effect in time? How long does it keep good with ordinary care ? What are the causes of deterioration ? What special measures can be taken to prevent deterioration ?
CHAPTER IV.
TRADE.
(Statistics to be obtained from Government offices.)
CHAPTER V.
CONSUMPTION OR USE,
NOTE.-It is very important, in answering the questions framed under this chapter, to distinguish carefully between ganja, chants, and bhang. The answer should deal only with those forms of the drug known to the witness, and should clearly specify in each case the form or forms to which his statements
apply.
19. Are ganja and charas used only for smoking ? If not, name any other uses to which either is put, with particulars as to such uses, and the places where they are prevalent.
20. What classes and what proportion of the people smoke ganja and charas respectively ? and in what localities ?
21. What kind of ganja (flat, round or "chur") is preferred for smoking? If different kinds are used in different localities, give particulars.
22. What charas, native or foreign, is ,chiefly used ? If foreign, whence is it imported?
23. Is bhang ever used for smoking ? If so, in what localities, by what classes of the people, and to what extent?
24. What classes and what proportions of the people respectively (a) eat or (b) drink bhang, and in what localities ?
25. Is the use of ganja, charas, and bhang, or of any of these drugs, on the increase or on the decrease?
Give any reasons you are able.
26. State for each of these drugs what proportion of the consumers are—
(a) Habitual moderate consumers,
(6) Habitual excessive consumers,
(c) Occasional moderate consumers,
(d) Occasional excessive consumers.
27. What classes of the people are each of these mainly taken from, and what iu each case are the habits of life or circumstances which mainly lead to the practice?
28. What is the average allowance and cost of each of these drugs per diem to—
(a) Habitual moderate consumers, (6) Habitual excessive consumers ?
29. What ingredients are (a) ordinarily or (b) exceptionally mixed with any of these drugs by the different classes of consumers ? Is dhatura so used ? What is the object of these admixtures ?
Do you know of any preparation (such as" bhang massala") which is sold for the purpose of being mixed with any of these drugs ? Describe its ingredients.
30. (a) To what extent is the consumption of each of these three drugs practised in solitude or in company ?
(b) Is it mainly confined to the male sex or to any time of life?
(c) Is it usual for children to consume any of these drugs ?
31. (a) Is the habit of consuming any of these drugs easily formed?
(6) Is it difficult to break off ?
(c) Is there a tendency in the case of any of these drugs for the moderate habit to develop into the excessive?
32. (a) Mention any customs, social or religious, in regard to the consumption of any of these drugs. Give an account of every such custom.
(b) Is the use of the drug in connection with such custom regarded as essential ?
(c) Is it generally temperate or excessive?
(d) Is it likely to lead to the formation of the habit, or otherwise injurious?
33. (a) How is the consumption of each of these drugs generally regarded ?
(6) Can it be said that there is any public opinion (social or religious) in regard to the practice? If so, what? If you think that the use of any form of the narootic is generally in disrepute, to what do you attribute that sentiment ?
(c) Is there any custom of worshipping the hemp plant on certain occasions by certain sects of the people?
34. Would it be a serious privation to any class of consumers to forego the consumption of the drug they use? Give your reasons in each case. Give some idea of the probable numbers of each class.
35. (a) Would it be feasible to prohibit the use of any or all of these drugs?
(b) Would the drug be consumed illicitly ?
(c) How could the prohibition be enforced ?
(d) Would the prohibition occasion serious discontent among the consumers?
(e) Would such discontent amount to a political danger ?
(f) Would the prohibition be followed by recourse to (a) alcoholic stimulants or (6) other drugs?
36. Is there any reason for thinking that alcohol is now being to a certain extent substituted for any of these drugs? If so, to what causes do you attribute this change, and what proof is there of its reality ?
CHAPTER VI.
EFFECTS.
NOTE.—It is very important, in answering the questions framed under this chapter, to distinguish carefully between ganja, charas, and bhang. The answer should deal only with the form of hemp known to witness, and should clearly specify in each case the form or forms to which his statements apply, and the particular experiences on which they are based. Question 56 deals with the effect of admixtures. This should also be referred to in answering any question where any such admixture generally affects the case. But the answer ought, in the first instance, to deal with the effect of the hemp drug apart from any such admixture.
37. Are the effects of charas smoking different in any particular from those resulting from ganja smoking ? If so, state the difference.
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iii
38. Have the three different preparations of ganja (round and flat ganja and "chur ") any different effects in kind or degree on consumers ?
39. Is the smoking of any preparation of the hemp plant in any way a less injurious form of consumption than drinking or eating the same or any other preparation ? Give reasons for your answer.
40. (a) Is the use of any of these drugs prescribed on account of its medicinal qualities by any school of Native Doctors ?
(b) Are any of them used in the treatment of cattle disease ?
41. May the moderate use of charas, ganja, or bhang be beneficial in its effects—
(a) as a food accessory or digestive ;
(6) to give staying-power under severe exer-
tion or exposure, or to alleviate fatigue;
(c) as a febrifuge or preventive of disease in malarious and unhealthy tracts ;
(d) in any other way.
What classes (if any) use the drug for any of the above purposes, and in what proportion of such classes ? Is it the moderate habitual use or moderate occasional use of the drug which you refer to ?
42. If not beneficial, do you consider the moderate use of any of these drugs to be harmless ? Give reasons for your answer.
43. Are moderate consumers inoffensive to their neighbours ?
44. (a) What is the immediate effect of the moderate use of any of these drugs on the habitual consumer ?
(b) Is it refreshing ?
(c) Does it produce intoxication ?
(d) Does it allay hunger ?
(e) Does it create appetite ?
(f) How long does the effect last?
(g) Are there any after-effects?
(A) Does the want of subsequent gratification produce any longing or uneasiness?
45. (a) Does the habitual moderate use of any of these drugs produce any noxious effects—physical, mental, or moral ?
(b) Does it impair the constitution in any way ?
(c) Does it injure the digestion or cause loss of appetite ?
(d) Does it cause dysentery, bronchitis, or asthma ?
(e) Does it impair the moral sense or induce laziness or habits of immorality or debauchery ?
(f) Does it deaden the intellect or produce insanity ?
If it produces insanity, then of what type, and is it temporary or permanent?
If temporary, may the symptoms be re-induced by use of the drug after liberation from restraint?
Are there any typical symptoms?
Do insanes, who have no recorded ganja history, confess to the use of the drug?
(g) In such cases of the alleged connection between insanity and the use of hemp as are known to you, are you of opinion that the use of the drug by persons suffering from mental anxiety or brain disease to obtain relief has been sufficiently considered in explaining that connection ?
And do you think there is any evidence to indicate that insanity may often tend to indulgence in the use of hemp drugs by a person who is deficient in self-control through weakened intellect ?
Give an account under each of these points of any cases with which you are acquainted.
46. Discuss the same question in regard to the habitual excessive use of any of these drugs.
47. Does the habitual moderate use of any of these drugs appear to be a hereditary habit or to affect in any way the children of the moderate consumer ?
48. Discuss the same question in regard to the habitual excessive use of any of these drugs.
49. (a) Is the moderate use of any of these drugs practised as an aphrodisiac?
(b) Is it so used by prostitutes ?
(c) Is the use for this purpose more injurious than its use as an ordinary narcotic, and, if so, how ?
(d) Does the use of hemp tend to produce impotence ?
50. Discuss the same question in regard to the excessive use of any of these drugs.
51. (a) Are any large proportion of bad characters habitual moderate consumers of any of these drugs ?
(b) What connection, if any, has the moderate use with crime in general or with crime of any special character ?
52. Discuss the same question in regard to the excessive use of any of these drugs.
53. Does excessive indulgence in any of these drugs incite to unpremeditated crime, violent or otherwise ? Do you know of any case in which it has led to temporary homicidal frenzy ?
51. Are these drugs used by criminals to fortify themselves to commit a premeditated act of violence or other crime ?
55. (a) Do criminals, in order to further their designs, induce their victims to partake of any of these drugs and so stupefy themselves?
(b) Can complete stupefaction be thus induced by this drug without admixture.
56. How are the effects of hemp, used (a) in moderation and (b) in excess, modified by the admixture of other substances? Note specially any information you possess regarding the admixture of dhatura for personal consumption or for administration to others.
57. Ganja and charas are said sometimes to be eaten or drunk. Where this is the case, give your experience as to the effects, dealing separately with any of the heads in the preceding questions which seem to require notice.
CHAPTER  VII.
ADMINISTRATION-TAXATION: CONTROL.
58. If you are acquainted with the present system of Excise Administration in your province in respect of hemp drugs, do you consider it to be working well, or do you consider it to be capable of improvement ?
59. If capable of improvement, indicate in what direction or directions, giving reasons for your answer.
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60. If ganja is produced in your province, do you think that the cultivation of the ganja-bearing plant and the process of its preparation are sufficiently controlled, or that the system requires modification iu any respect ? If so, in what respects and why ?
61. If charas is produced in your province, do you think the cultivation of the hemp plant for its production and the process of preparation are sufficiently controlled, or that the system requires modification in any respect. If so, in what respects and why ?
62. Do you think that the cultivation of the hemp plant for the production of bhang should be in any way controlled ? Would this be feasible ? If so, indicate the method by which such control could be exercised.
63. Have you any objection to the present
system of a lab hroelzde
vend of 12 Tiara% or preparations
3 bhang
of them ? If you have any objections, state them at length, and indicate the improvements you suggest.
64. Have you any objections to the existing regulations governing the export and import of these drugs or of their preparations from and into your province, or their transport within the province ? Give reasons for your answer.
alcoholic or other intoxicants? Give reasons for any alterations in the amount of taxation of any of these articles which you may suggest.
66. In your opinion is it necessary that there should be different rates of taxation for different kinds of ganja (such as the " flat," " round," and " broken " ganja produced in Bengal), or for ganja grown in different localities? If so, on what principle ?
67. Having regard to the ultimate incidence of the tax on the consumer, have you any objections
1 ganja
to the present method of taxing a charas?
3 bhang
68. Are there in your province houses or shops licensed for the sale of these drugs or their preparations where they may be consumed on the premises ? What is your view in respect to such houses or shops ?
69. Are the wishes of the people consulted or considered in any way before a shop is opened in any locality ? What measures are taken for this purpose ? Ought local public opinion to be thus considered ?
70. Are there any facts regarding the importation or smuggling of hemp drugs from Native States into your province to which you wish to draw attention ? Is duty really paid in respect to the ganja and other hemp drugs used? Or is there any general use of untaxed drugs, and by whom ?
1    ganja
65. In your opinion is the taxation of 2 charm
3 bhang
reasonable with reference (a) to each other, (6) to
INDEX
TO
CENTRAL PROVINCES AND MADRAS WITNESSES.
No.    Name.    Designation.    Pa ge.
1    CENTRAL PaoviNcEs.    Judicial Commissioner    1
J. W. Neill    .    .    .    .       
2    Colonel M. M. Bowie    .    .    Commissioner    .    3
3    F. C. Anderson *    .    .    .    Offg. ditto    .    5
4    L. K. Laurie    .    Offg. Secretary to the Chief Commissioner    7
5    H. H. Priest    .    Revenue Secretary    8
6    A. C. Duff    Deputy Commissioner    .     •    ib.
7    B. Robertson    Ditto    .    9
8    Khan Bahadur Aulad Hussein, C.I.E.    .    Assistant    Commissioner,    Settlement   
Officer    .    •    12
9    H. V. Drake-Brockman    •    Assistant    Commissioner,    Offg.    Excise   
Commissioner    ib.
10    F. G. Sly    .    •    .    Assistant Commissioner, Settlement Officer    17
11    Parshotam Dass, R. B.    .    .    Extra Assistant Commissioner,    Settle-   
ment Officer    .    .    is.
12    Bhargo Rao Gadjit *    Extra Assistant Commissioner    ib.
13    Trimbrak Rao Sathe *    Ditto    20
14    Raghu Nath Rao *    .    Ditto    25
15    Nlabomed Hossein *    Ditto    •    •    28
16    Ramkrishna Rao *    .    Ditto    32
17    Batuk Bharti .    Tahsildar, Superintendent of Kalahandi   
State    34
18    Alam Chand    .    .    Tahsildar, Supdt., Bastar State    37
19    T. Goondyah    •    •    Tahsildar    39
20    Munshi Takht Singh *    .    .    .    Retired Tahsildar    40
21    Chintamani Nand    .    Late Tahsildar .    42
22    Vinayak Balkrishna .    Excise Daroga    .    43
23    Anandi Persad    Ditto    47
24    Brijmohan Patnaik .    Treasurer    50
25    Uma Charan Mukerjee *    Government Clerk    52
26    Colonel J. C. Doveton    Conservator of Forests    53
27    A. E. Lowrie    Offg. Deputy Conservator of Forests    .    ib
28    Khan Sahib Muhammed Ghouse    Extra Assistant Conservator of Forests .    56
29    Colonel H. Hughes Hallett *    Offg. Inspector-General of Police .    57
30    F. A. Naylor *    District Superintendent of Police .    59
31    Sirdar Bahadur Ratan Singh    .    Ditto    61
32    Pandit Dina math, Rai Babadur    Assistant    District    Superintendent    of   
Police    .    .    .    .    .    ib.
vol. vi.    * Examined orally.    t Examined orally only.
vi
No.    Name.    Designation.    Page.
33    CENTRAL PROVINCES—contd. Mohomed Taki    .    •    •    •    Inspector of Police    .    62
34    W. Pasley t    •    .    .    Ditto    .    63
35    Brigade-Surgeon Lieutenant-Colonel J. B. Gaffney'    Civil Surgeon    .    ib.
36    Surgeon-Major H. K. McKay * .    .    Ditto    •    •    .    64
37    Surgeon-Major W. A. Qualye * .    .    Ditto    .    .    68
38    Honorary Surgeon-Major J. E. Harrison' .    Ditto    .    .    72
39    J. Prentie *    .    .    .    .    Apothecary in Civil Medical Charge    75
40    G. Murphy •    .    .    .    Ditto    .    .    .    78
41    Doorga Das Sen *    .    .    Assistant Surgeon    .    .    80
42    Muhammad Habibulla •    .    .    •    Hospital Assistant    ,    .    81
43    Mir Zamin Ali *    .    Retired Hospital Assistant .    .    85
44    Fakir Chand •    .    .    Native Doctor    .    .    .    88
45    Khnsali Ram .    •    •    Honorary Magistrate .    .    .    ib.
46    Hon'ble Gangadharrao Madhav Chitnavis * .    Ditto    .    .    89
47    Mir Imdad Ali    .    .    .    .    Ditto    .    .    93
48    Chandhri Umrao Singh    .    .    .    Ditto    .    .    94
49    Seth Bachraj *    .    .    Ditto    .    .    ib.
50    Madan Mohan Seth .    Ditto    .    .    97
51    Kapur Chand Seth *    •    •    •    •    Ditto    .    99
52    Raghober Mahadik    .    .    •    •    Ditto    .    100
53    Harihar Singh, Rai Babadnr    .    Ditto    .    102
54    Bihari Lall    .    .    Ditto    .     104
55    Raja Seth Gokul Dass    .    Zamindar and Banker    .    105
56    Rai Bahadur Tikaram Seth    •    •    Malguzar and Banker    .    ib.
57    Dewan Prem Singh .    .    .    Zamindar    .    106
58    Lall Umed Singh    .    .    Ditto    .    108
59    Lal Nrupraj Singh •    .    Ditto    .    .    110
60    Pandit Narayan Rao    .    Ditto    .    .    111
61    Chandi Persad *    .    .    .    Malguzar, President, Municipal   
Committee    .    113
62    Thakur Maharaj Singh, Rai Bahadur :    .    .    Malgnzar .    115
63    Rao Venkat Rao    .    .    .    Ditto    .    .    117
64    Rao Sahib Balvantrao Govindrao Bhnskute .    Jagirdar    .    .    ib.
65    Damodar Dass *    .    Mafidar    .    .    120
66    Rev. Israel Jacob    .    Missionary    .    121
67    Rev. A. G. Danielsson    Ditto    .    125
68    Rev. 0. Lohr :    .    .    Ditto    ib.
69    Adhar Singh Gour *    .    Barrister-at-law    .    .    127
70    Tara Dam Banerji *    .    .    Pleader, President, District Council    131
71    Kalidas Chowdhry    .    Pleader    .    137
• Examined orally.
t Summoned to attend at a meeting of the Commission for oral examination, but was unable to appear. Invited to attend at a meeting of the Commission for oral examination, but failed to appear.
vii
No.    Name.                    Designation.        Page.
72    CENTRAL PROVINCES—concld.                .    Pleader    .        139
73    Rao Saheb Rang Rao Hari •                    Colliery Manager    .        142
74    J. A. Maughan                    Manager, Empress Mills        143
75    Bezonji Dadabhoy    •                    Banker    .        144
76    Rai Bahadnr Kastur Chand                    Merchant, Banker, Honorary Magistrate,       
Lala Nand Kishore §    .                           
and Secretary, Municipal Committee    .        145
77    Girdhari Lal •                    Bania        147
78    Onkardass Seth                    Ditto        149
79    Hosen Khan §                    Abkari Contractors        152
80    Kavasji Meharwanji Hathidaru        .            Ditto    .    .        155
81    Jaitram Bijrai    .    •                    Wholesale Ganja Vendor        159
82    Lala Ramsabi and Lala Sitaram                •    Abkari Contractors        161
83    Muna Lall    .    •    •    •            Abkari Contractor        ib.
84    Sheo Narain    .        .        .    Contractor    .        162
MADRAS.                           
1    Hon'ble C. S. Crole t    ,        .        .    Member, Board of Revenue    •    163
2    J. Sturrock.    .        .            Collector    .        164
3    E. Turner    .        .            Ditto    .        166
4    W. J. H. Le Fanu    .    .                    Ditto    .        168
5    C. D. Macleane        .            Ditto    .        is.
6    R. Sewell    .                .    Ditto        169
7    H. M. Winterbotham                    Ditto    .        170
8    W. A. Willock •                    Ditto    .    .        172
9    J. Thomson        .            Ditto    .    .    .        175
10    G. Stokes                    Ditto    .        177
11    G. S. Forbes                .    Ditto    .    .        180
12    S. H. Wynne    .        .        Ditto    .    .        181
13    M. Hammick    .        .            Ag. do.    •    .        182
14    H. Bradley •                    Ditto    .        183
15    C. H. Mounsey                    Ditto        184
16    C. M. Mullaly .                    Ditto    .        168
17    F. D'A. 0. Wolfe-Murray .        .        .    Ditto    .        is.
18    L. C. Miller •    .        •    •        Ditto    .        190
19    Raja K. C. Manavedan                    Ditto    .        192
20    C. J. Weir 3.-    .    .    .                Ditto    .    .        194
21    H. D. Taylor t    .        .        Manager, Jeypore Estate    .        195
22    J. G. D. Partridge    .        •        Assistant Collector    .        1 91.3
23    R. H. Campbell    .                Sub-Collector    .    .    •        197
24    E. L. Vaughan    •    .        .        Ditto    .    •        200
•    Examined orally.    t Examined orally only.
Summoned to attend at a meeting of the Commission for oral examination, but was unable to appear. g Invited to attend at a meeting of th . Commission for oral examination, but failed to appear.
vol. vi.    c 2
viii
No.    Name.        Designation.        Page.
25    MiDEAs—coned.        Assistant Collector        201
26    W. Francis    .    .    .            Ditto    .    .    .        203
27    R. F. Grimley    .            Ditto    .    .    .        204
28    H. F. W. Gillman    .        Deputy Commissioner of Salt and Abkari    •    •    •    •    •        206
J. H. Merriman *    .    .               
29    Rai Bahadnr R. Dharmarao t    .    .        Ditto    .    208
30    F. Levy .    .    .    .    .        Acting ditto    .    .        209
31    C. Benson t    .    .    .    .    .    Deputy Director of Agriculture        210
32    P. Pundari Kakshudu    .    .        Deputy Collector    .    .    .    211
33    D. Jagannadha Rao Pantalu        Ditto    .    212
34    W. Venkatapayya Pantalugaru .    .        Ditto    .    .    214
35    Diwan Bahadur Venkataram Dass Naidngaru        Ditto    .    215
36    Diwan Bahadur Lukshmana Raogaru .        Ditto    .    218
37    M. Azizuddin Saheb Bahadur * .    .    .        Ditto    .    .        219
38    Buddhavarapu Narayana Murthi Pantalugaru        Ditto    •        221
39    K. Narayana Iyer    .    •    .    •        Ditto    .    .    .    224
40    J. H. Gwynne    .    .    •        Ditto    .    .    .    225
41    P. Veeraswami Naidu    .        Ditto    .    .    227
42    T. Sivaramayya Pantalugaru    .    Pensioned Deputy Collector    .    229
43    W. E. Ganapathy Pillay    .        Retired Deputy Collector    .    .    ib.
44    C. Venkatachellam Pantalu        Tahsildar    .    .    .    230
45    A. Krishnamacharalu    .        Ditto    .    .    .    231
46    V. Kasthuri Chatty    .        Ditto    •    •    •    •    •    234
47    P. S. Singaravelu Pillai    .    Ditto    .    .    ib.
48    S. Vesudeva Rao    .        Ditto        235
49    S. Kothandarama Naidu    .    •        Ditto        237
50    M. Bhimachari    .    •        Ditto    .    ib.
51    Mahomed Anwar Saheb    .    .        Ditto    .    238
52    Sambasiva Rao Naidu    .        Ditto    .    240
53    P. Rama Rao    .    .    •        Ditto    .    .    ib.
54    Adaki Jagannadha Rao    .    Ditto    .        241
55    G. Jagannaya Kalil    .        Ditto    .    .    242
56    Chaganti Somayajulu Pantalugaru •    .    .    Ag. ditto    .        243
57    A. Katchapeswara Iyer    .        Sub-Magistrate .    .    244
58    Rama Kristna Bramham    .    •    .    Ditto    .        247
59    Sashachala Naidu *        Pensioned Tahsildar    .    .    ib.
60    M. Stindaram Icer    .    .    .    •    Deputy Tahsildar        249
61    R. Saminatba Iyer    .    •        Ditto    •        251
62    R. C. Ramayangargaru    .    .        Village Magistrate        252
63    K. Narainaswami Naidu    .    .        Huzur Sarishtadar    •        ib.
•    Examined orally.    t Examined orally only.
ix
No.    Name.    Designation.    Page.
64    MADRAS—contd.    Manager, Court of Wards' Estate Deputy Inspector-General of Police District Superintendent of Police . Deputy Commissioner of Police    ,    .    255
65    P. Lachmi Narayan Pontaln    .    .    District Superintendent of Police .    256 258 lb.
66    Colonel G. Chrystie    .    •    •    .        260
67    F. T. Bagehawe    .       
68    S. D. Simpson *    •    •    .       
H. G. Prendergast *    •    •       
69    Rai Bahadur K. Narainaswami Naidugarn a    .    Police Inspector.    •    •    .    261
70    Krishnaswami Chettygarn .    Pensioned Police Inspector .    .    263
71    I. Tyrrell    .    .    Jail Superintendent    .    .    .    lb.
72    E. L. F. Cavendish    .    .    Ditto    •    •    264
73    E. H. Gadsden    .    Ditto    .    .    ib.
74    H. E. G. Mills    .    .    .    Ditto    .    .    lb.
75    G. Cloney    .    .    Ditto    .    .    265
76    R. W. Morgan    .    .    .    District Forest Officer .    267
77    G. Hadfield    .    .    .    .    Deputy Conservator of Forests    .    269
78    C. E. Hardie    .    .    .    .    .    District Forest Officer    .    .    ib.
79    Colonel H. S. Elton .    .    Commandant, 16th Regiment, Madras   
Infantry    .    .    .    271
80    Captain F. L. Jones .    .    Commandant, 3rd Madras Lancers    .    ib.
81    Captain C. M. Kennedy • .    •    •    Commandant, 1st Pioneers .    lb.
82    Subadar-Major Muhammad Murtaza*    .    1st Madras Pioneers    .    272
83    Surgeon-Major-General W. F. DeFabeck t    .    Surgeon-General with the Government   
of Madras    .    .    274
84    Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel S. L. Dobie t    .    Principal Medical Store-keeper    ib.
85    Surgeon-Major W. G. King*    ,    .    Acting Sanitary Commissioner    .    .    276
86    Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel H. Hyde .    District Surgeon    .    277
87    Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel A. H. Leapingwell *    Ditto    .    i6.
88    Surgeon-Major N. Chatterji *    .    .    Medical Officer in charge 13th Madras   
Infantry    .    279
89    Surgeon-Major IL A. F. Nailer .    Acting District Surgeon    .    281
90    Surgeon-Major J. Lancaster *    .    Ditto    282
91    Surgeon-Major H. St. C. Carruthers t    Civil Surgeon    .    .    .    284
92    Surgeon-Major K. C. Sanjana    District Surgeon    .    285
93    Surgeon-Major W. O'Hara    Ditto    .    ib.
94    Surgeon•Major G. L. Walker    .    .    Civil Surgeon    .    •    .    .    286
95    Surgeon-Major S. C. Sarkies    District Surgeon    .    287
96    Surgeon-Major W. F. Thomas * .    Ditto    288
97    Surgeon-Captain C. F. Fearnside    Ditto    290
98    Surgeon-Major R. Pemberton * .    Civil Surgeon    .    .    292
99    Surgeon-Major A. J. Stnrmer * .    District Surgeon    293
100    T. M. Cheriyan *    Civil Apothecary    .    .    295
101    Vasudeva Rao *    Ditto    •    296
* Examined orally.    f Examined orally only.
No.    Name.    Designation.    Page.
102    MADRAS—contd.    Civil Apothecary    298
G. A. W. Vellones    .       
103    N. H. Daniel    .    •    Ditto    299
104    Muhammad Asadulla *    Ditto    .    300
105    Dr. A. Wells* .    .    .    Ditto    •    •    302
106    K. Jagannadhan Naidu : .    .    Ditto    .    304
107    Dr. C. T. Saldanha    .    Assistant Surgeon    306
108    Ranganaikulu Naidugaru *    Hospital Assistant    .    309
109    Aiyya Swami Pillai*    .    Ditto    •    311
110    Ramanugulu Naidugaru    .    .    Ditto    314
111    Chinny Sreenivasaru •    .    .    Ditto   
112    P. Narainaswami    .    Ditto    •    317
113    Jagannadha Pandit    .    .    .    Ditto    is.
114    M. Maduranayagam Pillai    Ditto    •    321
115    C. M. Appadorai Mudaliar *    Hospital Assistant and Chairman, Union   
Punchayat    .    .    .    •    322
116    J. Parthasarathy Chetty *.    Hospital Assistant    .    323
117    D. Rajendrum t    •    .    .    Ditto    •    327
118    S. Arunanunthum t •     Ditto    .    .    328
119    Mirza Davood Beg    .    .    .    Pensioned Hospital Assistant    •    ib.
120    P. S. Mootoswami Mudaliar    Retired Native Surgeon    •    •    330
121    H. S. A. M. Manju Miyyah Saheb    .    Native Medical Practitioner .    •    331
122    Hakim Nanneh Miyyah * .    .    Medical Practitioner    .    .    333
123    Singitapu Venkata Rao Pantalugarn    .    Native Doctor    .    .    337
124    Ponnnswami Pillai    .    .    Private Practitioner    .    338
125    Abdul Karim Saheb .    .    .    Native Physician    339
126    H. Rangappa •    .    .    .    Medical Practitioner    .    ib.
127    Raja of Ramnad §    .    .    .    Zamindar .    .    .    .    341
128    Sri Vasudeva Rajamani Raja Deogaru    .    Ditto    .    •    ib.
129    Sri, Sri, Sri    Gawra Chandra Gajapati Narayana    Ditto    .    342
Deogaru.       
130    T. V. Sivarao Pantalugarn .    .    .    Ditto    and Municipal Chairman    343
131    C. Muthukumaraswami Mudaliar    Zamindar .    •    ib.
132    M. Etherajnlu Pillai    .    Ditto    .    .    345
133    P. Seshachellam Naidu    Ditto,    Merchant and Chairman, Vets-   
palem Union    .    .    .    .    346
134    Azizuddin All Khan Saheb Bahadur .    Jagirdar    .    .    •    ib.
135    Sagi Ramasastrig,arn    .    Inamdar and Native Doctor    348
136    W. A. Symonds*    Agent and Manager to the Lessees of the   
Sivaganga Zamindari    349
137    M. Mallayya t    •    Zamindari Manager    .    350
138    V. Venkataroyer    •    Manager, Ettyapuram Estate    is.
• Examined orally.    t Examined orally only.
j Summoned to attend at a meeting of the Commission for oral examination, but was unable to appear. § Invited to attend at a meeting cf the Commission for oral examination, but failed to appear.
xi
No.    Name.        Designation.    Page.
139    MADRAS—contd.        Cultivator    .    .    .    351
140    Bondili Motiram    •    .        Chairman, Municipal Council    .    352
L. Krishna Aiyangar Avargal, R. B.           
141    W. Taylor    .    .        Ditto    ib.
142    K. Subbarayadu Pantaln    .    .        Ditto    .    353
'           
143    E. Subramana Iyer    .    .        Ditto    .    354
'           
144    Rungo Srinivasa Rao    .    •        Chairman, Union Panchayat    .    355
145    Revd. H. J. Goffin:r. .    .    Missionary    .    356
146    Revd. J. Desigachari *    .    .    Ditto    •    •    •    •    357
147    Revd. W. Robinson*    .    .        Ditto    359
148    Revd. W. H. Campbell * .    .    .    Ditto    361
149    Revd. S. J. Long *    .    .    .    Ditto    .    365
150    Revd. W. V. Higgins 1.-    .    .    .    Ditto    .    •    .    369
151    Revd. A. Margoschis    •    Ditto    .    .    .    370 •
152    Revd. J. S. Chandler    .    .    Ditto    .    .    371
153    Revd H. F. Laflamme*    .    .    .    Ditto    .    372
154    Revd. J. F. Burditt    .    .        Ditto    .    .    .    379
155    Revd. J. Heinrichs    .    .    .    Ditto    .    381
156    Revd. I. C. Archibald :    .    Ditto    .    .    383
157    Revd. S. C. Schaible    .    .    Ditto    .    ib.
158    Revd.. E. Unangst 1.'    .        Ditto    .    .    .    384
159    Revd. M. Thomas t .    .    .        Ditto    385
160    Revd. G. Pittendrigh t    •        Ditto    .    .    ib.
161    Very Revd. A. Chelvum t •    .        Roman Catholic Diocese    .    .    387
162    S. P. Narasimmulu Naidu        Editor of the " Crescent "    .    ib.
163    W. Kothundaramayya    .    .    .    Newspaper Editor    .    388
164    K. Venkatasubba Iyer        Pleader and Merchant    390
165    Ganjam Venkataratnamgaru        Pleader    .    .    391
166    V. Guravayya Sastrigaru    .        Pleader, Member of Taluka Board    392
167    B. C. Chatterji, Rao Bahadur    .        Pleader and Municipal Chairman .    .    i6.
168    P. C. Ananthacharlu    .        Ditto    .    393
169    V. Sivayogi    .    .        Ditto    .    395
170    C. Srinivasa Rao        Ditto    •    396
171    Srinivasa Rao .        Ditto    .    397
172    Manchala Jagannadham    .        Pleader, Chairman, Bapatla Union.    a.
173    P. Kesava Pillai *    .    .    Honorary    Secretary,    Gooty    People's   
Association ; Pleader    .    .    398
174    Teachers' Association, Trichinopoly    .    .            399
175    Honourable Rai Babadoor Sabapathy Mudaliarl    .    Merchant    .    .    .    400
176    Chadisetti Venkataratnamgaru    .    .    .        Ditto    .    402
177    Kammireddi Narasinga Rao Naidugaru        Ditto    .    404
* Examined orally.
t Examined orally only.
t. Invited to attend at a meeting of the Commission for oral examination, but failed to appear.
xii
No.    Name.    Designation.    Page.
178    MADEss--concld. Mirza Mehdy Ispahani    Merchant    405
179    Nalum Bhimaranz    .    Ditto    406
180    A. Appola Narasayya    Ditto    lb.
181    D. Maneckjee*    .    •    Merchant and Contractor    407
182    V. Ananth Rao Pantalugaru, Rao Saheb t    Bank Cashier    .    408
183    Mokkalingam Appanna    Ganja Vendor    .    409
184    Periyanna Chetty    .    Ditto    ib.
185    Kamalapuram Nagayya    Ganja Contractor    410
186    Abdul Kader    .    .    Ganja Vendor's Agent    ib.
187    T. Ratuaswami Nadur    Arrack Supply Contractor    411
188    Mulagula Kondayyagaru    Goldsmith    412
189    Angappa Gonnden    •    Blacksmith    413
190    Malappa Reddy        415
191    Samdasu Bavajigatu    Priest    416
192    Baldevdas •    Priest of Hanuman Math    .    417
193    Syed Shah Abdul Hussein .    Manager of Panukonda Dargah    .    418
• Examined orally.    t Examined orally only.